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GSM Fundamentals

The document describes key features of GSM networks including improved security and confidentiality, cleaner handovers, subscriber identification, enhanced range of services, frequency reuse, and network components like the Mobile Switching Centre and Mobile Station.

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amirfiroozi87
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44 views10 pages

GSM Fundamentals

The document describes key features of GSM networks including improved security and confidentiality, cleaner handovers, subscriber identification, enhanced range of services, frequency reuse, and network components like the Mobile Switching Centre and Mobile Station.

Uploaded by

amirfiroozi87
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FEATURES OF GSM

IMPROVED SECURITY AND CONFIDENTIALITY

GSM offers high speech and data confidentiality.


Subscriber authentication can be performed by the system to check if
a subscriber is a valid subscriber or not.
The GSM system provides for high degree of confidentiality for the
subscriber. Calls are encoded and ciphered when sent over air.
The mobile equipment can be identified independently from the mobile
subscriber. The mobile has a identity number hard coded into it when it
is manufactured. This number is stored in a standard database and
whenever a call is made the equipment can be checked to see if it has
been reported stolen.

FEATURES OF GSM
CLEANER HANDOVERS

GSM uses Mobile assisted handover techique.


The mobile itself carries out the signal strength and quality
measurement of its server and signal strength measurement of its
neighbors.
This data is passed on the Network which then uses sophisticated
algorithms to determine the need of handover.

SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION
In a GSM system the mobile station and the subscriber are
identified separately.
The subscriber is identified by means of a smart card known as a
SIM.
This enables the subscriber to use different mobile equipment
while retaining the same subscriber number.

FEATURES OF GSM
ENHANCED RANGE OF SERVICES

Speech services for normal telephony.


Short Message Service for point ot point transmission of text
message.
Cell broadcast for transmission of text message from the cell to all
MS in its coverage area. Message like traffic information or
advertising can be transmitted.
Fax and data services are provided. Data rates available are 2.4
Kb/s, 4.8 Kb/s and 9.6 Kb/s.
Supplementary services like number identification , call barring, call
forwarding, charging display etc can be provided.

FEATURES OF GSM
FREQUENCY REUSE
There are total 124 carriers in GSM ( additional 50 carriers are
available if EGSM band is used).
Each carrier has 8 timeslots and if 7 can be used for traffic then a
maximum of 868 ( 124 X 7 ) calls can be made. This is not enough
and hence frequencies have to be reused.
The same RF carrier can be used for many conversations in several
different cells at the same time.

The radio carriers available are allocated


according to a regular pattern which repeats over
the whole coverage area.
The pattern to be used depends on traffic
requirement and spectrum availability.
Some typical repeat patterns are 4/12, 7/21 etc.

2
1

3
4

7
6

2
1

NETWORK COMPONENTS

NETWORK COMPONENTS
H

NMC

EIR

OMC-S

AUC

HLR

D
VLR

XCDR

IWF

MSC

UM
BSC

ABIS
OMC-R

EC
BTS

PSTN

UM

BTS

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
The Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC) co-ordinates the setting up
of calls to and from GSM users.
It is the telephone switching office for MS originated or terminated traffic
and provides the appropriate bearer services, teleservices and
supplementary services.
It controls a number of Base Station Sites (BSSs) within a specified
geographical coverage area and gives the radio subsystem access to
the subscriber and equipment databases.
The MSC carries out several different functions depending on its position
in the network.
When the MSC provides the interface between PSTN and the BSS in the
GSM network it is called the Gateway MSC.
Some important functions carried out by MSC are Call processing
including control of data/voice call setup, inter BSS & inter MSC
handovers, control of mobility management, Operation & maintenance
support including database management, traffic metering and man
machine interface & managing the interface between GSM & PSTN N/W.

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) Lucent MSC

NETWORK COMPONENTS
Mobile Station (MS)
The Mobile Station consists of the Mobile Equipment (ME) and the
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM).
Mobile Equipment
The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to
access the network.
The mobile equipment can be Vehicle mounted, with the antenna
physically mounted on the outside of the vehicle or portable mobile
unit, which can be handheld.
Mobiles are classified into five classes according to their power
rating.

CLASS POWER OUTPUT


1
2
3
4
5

20W
8W
5W
2W
0.8W

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