The Amazing World of
Computers 6
Unit 1
Lesson 2: The Evolution of
Computers
Abacus or Suan pan
Chinese Merchants, 5000 years ago
A device made up of rods of sliding beads
mounted on a frame,
The Abacus may be considered the first
computer
Calculating Clock
Wilhelm Schickard, 1623
Considered first mechanical calculator
Was composed of rotating rods and gears
on an upright frame.
It could perform basic addition, subtraction,
division, and multiplication.
Pascaline
Blaise Pascal, 1642
Had movable dials that could perform
addition and subtraction on large
sequences of numbers
Stepped Reckoner
Gottfried Willhelm Leibnitz, 1694
Using a system of wheels and drums, the
machine could perform all four basic math
operations: addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division
Arithmometer
Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, 1820
A machine capable of performing the four
basic math operations in a simple and
reliable way.
Difference Engine and Analytic
Engine
Charles Babbage
Difference Engine, 1821
A mechanical device that could perform calculations
and print results.
Analytic Engine, 1834
A computer designed to carry out more complicated
calculations
Father of Computing
First generation Computers
(1939 1956)
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, 1939
In 1937, the machine was conceived
First electronic digital computer
Z3
Konrad Zuse, 1941
Used to design airplanes and missiles
Colossus
Alan Turing, 1943
Used to decode German messages.
First generation Computers
(1939 1956)
Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator or Mark I
Howard Aiken, 1944
Used by the U.S. Navy
First generation Computers
(1939 1956)
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer (EDVAC)
John von Neumann,1945
Had a memory that could hold both data and
a stored program
Electronic Numericcal Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC)
John Presper Eckert Jr. and John Mauchly,
1945
Designed in 1945, built in 1946
Used by U.S. Army
First generation Computers
(1939 1956)
Universal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I)
Remington Rand, 1951
First commercial computer to feature a
magnetic tape storage system
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment
(SAGE)
1954
This automated aircraft-warning system was
the largest vacuum tube computer system
ever built.
Second generation Computers
(1956 1963)
Transistor
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William
Shockley, 1947
A device designed to act as both transmitter,
which converts sound waves into electronic waves,
and a resistor, which controls electric current.
computers became smaller, faster,
more
reliable, and more energy-efficient.
FORTRAN (Formula Translator),
ALGOL
(Algorithm Language),
COBOL (Common
Business-Oriented Language)
IBM 704, IBM 709, IBM 7094
Third generation Computers
(1964 1971)
Integrated Circuit
Jack Kilby, 1961
Combined many transistors
and other
electrical components onto a small silicon
chip
PDP-8
1965
The first commercially successful
minicomputer
Third generation Computers
(1964 1971)
Unix
Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, 1969
An operating system capable of performing
multiple tasks
Graphic User Interface or GUI
Xerox Corporation, 1970s
Allowed users to point and click at icons,
making computers much easier to use
Fourth generation Computers
(1971 Present)
Microprocessor
Tiny integrated circuits that contain millions
of transistors and other components
Intel 4004
Dr. Ted Hoff, 1971
Was a four-bit microprocessor that performed
many input and output operations
Fourth generation Computers
(1971 Present)
Altair 8800
Micro Instrumentation Telemetry System
(MITS)
First personal computer
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code)
Bill Gates and Paul Allen, Microsoft
Apple II
Apple Computers, 1976
Was appealing to consumers because of its
software and well-written manuals
Fourth generation Computers
(1971 Present)
Windows Operating System
Microsoft, 1985
Deep Blue
IBM, 1996
The supercomputer that beat world chess
champion in 1997
Fifth generation Computers
Ballistic Deflection Transistors (BDTs)
Have the potential to increase the speed of
todays microprocessor
Virtual Reality (VR)
Allows users to use all of their senses when
interacting with a computer
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Making machines exhibit human behavior
and intelligence
Reference
http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG/2
20px-Boulier1.JPG
https://
encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSlgoboBV83VU7q
lF6LKIVt1QjNxXgNPXchJXHifskJo7QimIEOzw
http://
t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSn6kgL21sriCcqhsbzBEjV
xSCUlSM2a5UN5w2cQe3XOMWqVuVaWA
http://
t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRVFpQmm6ibny52FWWweLvJ
xUuy47MbSld3xIFwy0mlgb4QAc4YgQ
https://
encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRxCh2TppBa8
xuuhN5IGXQOBZcc7pMdZdMZvkOiIS1ohtKUcu_k
http://
www.computerhistory.org/babbage/common/img/welcome-babbagee
ngine.jpg
http://
Reference
http://
history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Relays/images/Zuse_Z3.jpg
https://
encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTJhVPfOYKBsK9KaRV
32vU3qSXvl6f7Uky3aJB9y0WzrBVphJ-pXQ
http://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/08/ibm_mark1_500px.jpg
https://
encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7SoOZFNU038uWi
s_Oj7vAkyLnDHLXY1YdHNpKJRzSd8_Qz64sAw
http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Eniac.jpg/250px-E
niac.jpg
http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/UNIVAC-1-FullView-B.jpg
https://
encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT8KRA5HM5UG7U_
r3gXEsWZ1NAZhkY_lDAgmfUxWgugXPSC3Y5i
http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Replica-of-first-transi
stor.jpg/220px-Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg
http://
www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/integrated-circuit.jp
Reference
http://pdp8.co.uk/files/2009/04/pdp-8-m.jpg
http://oldcomputers.net/pics/att-unix-pc-boot.jpg
http://
cis140nlarson.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/winodws1-0.jpg
http://
www.cpu-zone.com/4004/Intel%20C4004%20Grey%20
Stripe_1.JPG
http://oldcomputers.net/pics/Altair_8800.jpg
http://oldcomputers.net/pics/appleii-system.jpg
http://
www.gamexeon.com/forum/imagehosting/201101/1
22984d44fad5c7263.png
http://
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b
