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Module 03 - Administrative Tasks

This document outlines the objectives of Module 03 which are: 1) Manage user and group accounts and related system files; 2) Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs using cron and at; 3) Handle localization and internationalization. It then provides details on managing user accounts, groups, and related commands. It also describes using cron to schedule recurring tasks and at to schedule one-time tasks. Finally, it defines internationalization as making software adaptable to different languages and localization as adapting software for a specific region.

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31 views21 pages

Module 03 - Administrative Tasks

This document outlines the objectives of Module 03 which are: 1) Manage user and group accounts and related system files; 2) Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs using cron and at; 3) Handle localization and internationalization. It then provides details on managing user accounts, groups, and related commands. It also describes using cron to schedule recurring tasks and at to schedule one-time tasks. Finally, it defines internationalization as making software adaptable to different languages and localization as adapting software for a specific region.

Uploaded by

Đặng Đức
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 03

Administrative Tasks
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Objectives

Objective 1: Manage User and Group Accounts and


Related System Files
Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks
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Scheduling Jobs
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Objective 3: Localization and Internationalization
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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

Managing user accounts is an important aspect of running


a Linux system
User Accounts and the Password File
When a new user account is added to a Linux system, an entry is
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added to a list of users in the password file, which is stored
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The password file is in plain text and is readabletiby
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Each line in the password file contains information:
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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

Groups and the Group File


Groups are defined in the file /etc/group
Like the passwd file, the group file contains colon-separated fields:

Group name: Each group must have a unique name


Group password
Group ID: Each group requires a unique GID
Group member list: list of group members by username

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

The Shadow Password and Shadow Group Systems


Encrypted passwords must be secure from all users on the system
To do this, the encrypted password is moved to a new file that
shadows the password file line for line ( /etc/shadow )
loginID:password:lastchg:min:max:warn:inactive:expire
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/wthe encrypted
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The first two fields contain the username
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passwords. The remaining fields containh optional additional
information on password aging information.

Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

Group passwords and shadow groups


Just as user accounts listed in /etc/passwd are protected by
encrypted passwords,groups listed in /etc/group can also be
protected by passwords
A group password can be used to allow access to a group
by a
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user account that is not actually a member of the group
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To protect against such attacks, passwords in /etc/group
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shadowed.
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The protected passwords are stored in /etc/gshadow

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands


useradd

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands


useradd

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Manage User and Group Accounts and Related


System Files

User and Group Management Commands

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Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks by


Scheduling Jobs

Using cron
The cron facility consists of two programs:
Crond: This is the cron daemon, which is the process that executes
your instructions
Crontab: This is the cron table manipulation program

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The cron daemon wakes up every minute and examines
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files, executing any commands scheduled for thatfitime.
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Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks by


Scheduling Jobs

Using cron

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Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks by


Scheduling Jobs

Using at
Execution of commands on a regular, periodic schedule
The at facility accepts commands from standard input or from a file.

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Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks by


Scheduling Jobs

Using at

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Objective 2: Automate System Administration Tasks by


Scheduling Jobs

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Objective 3: Localization and Internationalization

Internationalization is the process of designing a software


application so that it can be adapted to various languages
and regions without engineering changes.
Localization is the process of adapting internationalized
n locale
software for a specific region or language by adding
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specific components and translating text.
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