GEO L30 World Geo AFRICA

World Geography
Asia
Africa
Australia
Europe
North America
South America
Africa
Physiography of Africa: Mt. and plateaus

Atlas
Mt.
Adamawa
Highlands
Bie
plt.
Ethiopian
Highlands
Katanga
Plateau
Zambia
Plt.
Zimbabwe
Plt.
Grt
Karoo
Plateaus of Africa
Plateaus
Katanga Plateau
Ethiopian Plateau
Great Karoo
Bie Plateau
Adamawa Plateau
Facts
Farming, ranching, resource
rich copper and Uranium
deposits
Lake Tana (Source of Blue
Nile), cooler despite close to
equator
Semi-desert region
Important for copper,
Agriculture and cattle
rearing
Savannah vegetation,
Bauxite deposits
Physiography of Africa: Deserts

Atlas
Mt.
Libyan
desert
Sahara desert
Adamawa
Highlands
Bie
plt.
Namib
desert
Nubian
desert
Ethiopian
Highlands
Katanga
Plateau
Zambia
Plt.
Zimbabwe
Plt.
Kalahari
desert
Grt
Karoo
Deserts of Africa & facts

Sahara Desert
Namib desert
Kalahari Desert
Nubian desert
Largest hot desert subtropical HP

zone
Tuareg tribes
Off-shore trade wind + cold
Benguella current, sandy desert
Hottentots tribes
Rain-shadow effect, stony-rocky
desert.
Bushmen tribe (oldest surviving
tribal group of Africa)
Separated by Libyan desert by Nile
river
Physiography of Africa: Basins

Atlas
Mt.
Libyan
desert
Sahara desert
Nubian
desert
Cha
Suda
d
n
Basi
Basin
Ethiopian
Adamawn
a
Con Highlands
Highland
go
Katanga
s
Basi
n
Bie Plateau
plt.
Zambia
Plt.
Zimbabwe
Plt.
Kalahari
Namib
desert
desert
Grt
Karoo
Physiography of Africa: Plains

Atlas
Mt.
Sahara desert
Nubian
desert
SAHEL
Ethiopian
Adamaw
Highlands
a
Highland
Katanga
s
Bie Plateau
plt.
Zambia
Plt.
Zimbabwe
Plt.
Kalahari
Namib
Veldt
desert
desert
Grt
Karoo
Physiography of Africa: Rivers

Atlas
Mt.
Nil
e
Sahara
Nubian
desert
desert
Niger
Seneg
Ethiopi
Chari
al
an
SAHEL
Highlan
Volt
ds
a Adamaw Cong
o
a
Highland
Katanga
s
Bie
Plt.
Zambia
plt.
Plt.Zamb
Kalahari
Zimbabwe
ezi
desert
Plt.
Namib
Limpo
Vel
desert
Orang
po
dt
Grt
e
Karoo
River Nile
Alexand
ria
Port
Said
Cairo
Khartou
m
Longest river
Cotton cultivation,
Petroleum at mouth,
navigable, irrigation
Aswan dam, lake Naseer
Port Said and Alexandria
at mouth
Cairo, Giza, Khartoum
cities are on River Nile
River Congo
Origin: Katanga Plateau
Northern Trib.- Urumqi,
Southern trib.- Kasai
Boyoma water fall
Pigmy tribes
Petroleum reserve at
the mouth
Crosses equator twice
Other rives
River
River Zambezi
River Niger
River Orange
River Limpopo
Facts
Origin: Katanga Plateau,
famous Victoria fall
Origin: Loma mountains
Important river of west
Africa
Origin: Drakensberg, its
tributary Vaal is famous
for gold deposits
Origin: high Veldt,
crosses tropic of
African rift valley & lakes
African Rift valley
Islands of Africa
Madeira - Portugal
Canary - Spain
Cape Verde
Mauritius
Reunion - France
Comoros - France
Seychelles
Islands between Africa All

and
Latin
America
of them British
overseas territories
Ascension Islands
UK military base
St. Helena Islands
exile of Napoleon
Tristan De Cunha
Island most
remote island of the
world
Climate of Africa
Mediterranea
n climate
Desert
Mountainous
Savannah
climate
Equatorial
Rainforest
climate
Savannah
climate
Desert
Mediterranea
n climate
Temperate
grasslands
Veldt
Agriculture in Africa
Mediterranea
n agriculture
cotton
Oil Palm,
rubber, Cocoa
Coffee
Tobacco
Mediterranea
n agriculture
Veldt - Wheat
Status of Agriculture in Africa

Subsistence farming, small farms, family labour,
little use of machinery
Low productivity (except Nile basin and
Mediterranean region)
Only 6% of farmland in Africa is irrigated
Mostly in Egypt, South Africa, Madagascar,
Morocco and Sudan
cultivable lands (excluding forest areas) in Africa
are 3 times larger than the land currently
cultivated
Status of Agriculture in Africa

Area suitable for agriculture sparsely
populated Ex. Sudan
Decreasing soil fertility due to
deforestation, lack of investment and
security of tenure of the agro-labourers
Low access to fertilizers, no awareness
about soil fertility management
Major threat under climate change
Current status
Traditional African crops losing ground

(cotton, palm oil, cocoa, coffee)
High fluctuation of price in global
market
High taxation on exports of these
crops low competitiveness in global
market
Boom in mining and oil products,
quick and easy foreign money
Agro-exports from Africa
70% agro-export = cocoa

Then coffee, tea, cotton, sugar and
fish
Low diversification in agro-export
products
Only 25% of cocoa and 6% of cotton is
processed in Africa- mostly processed
in importing nations
Unprocessed = No value addition,
Problems of Africa
Around 60% of cultivable land is

concentrated in seven countries in East
and Central Africa
the central African region contains
almost 50% of the continents water
resources BUT less than 20% of its
population.
Problems of Africa
Major political problems : the
management of trans-boundary natural
resources as well as by the inequitable
distribution of these land resources.
EX. the management of the Nile waters,
the conflict in eastern DRC, conflicts
between pastoralists and farmers in the
Sahel, the management of Lake Chads
waters and land reforms in Southern Africa.
Problems of Africa
Land grabbing by foreign investors

(inadequate legal contracts)
Foreign investors technology and
high productivity but expulsion of local
people
Animal Husbandry in Africa
Primitive- confined to traditional

pastoralist
Frequent drought in Sahel and east
Africa
Limited development of food
processing and cold storage infra
Poor govt. policy leads to
sedentarisation of pastoral people
Mineral reserve of Africa

Iro
n
Uraniu
m
Diamon
d
Gol
d
Aluminu
m
coal,
Platinum
Petroleum
Coal
Iron
Diamonds
gold
Uranium, Platinum
Petroleum reserve of Africa
Indian oil companies in Africa
ONGC Videsh: Libya, Nigeria,

Mozambique, Sudan and South Sudan
IOC: Libya, Gabon, South Africa,
Nigeria
HPCL: Egypt
BPCL: Mozambique
Indian Private companies in Africa

Reliance (Gulf Africa Petroleum corp.): one of
the largest petroleum marketing and trading Co.
in Africa
primarily involved in petroleum product imports,
retail and wholesale marketing, trading, storage,
distribution, supply and transport of oil products
to the countries in east and central Africa.
Airtel, Emami, Marico, Dabur, Essar, Tata Group,
Godrej group, Bharti, Kirloskar, Mahindra &
Mahindra, Escorts and Apollo.
coal
CIL of
India
Iron
Gold
Diamonds reserve in Africa
China in Africa
China import cobalt, manganese from Gabon,
South Africa and Ghana.
Timber from Gabon, Republic of Congo, and
Cameroon
Chromium from South Africa, Madagascar, and
Sudan
China invested in Zambia, Tanzania and
Mozambique for copper, iron, gold and Manganese
Uranium from Niger
Indian Diaspora in Africa

British rule from 1896-1901 Indian were
taken to Kenya to lay railway tracks
Passenger Indians enterprising Indian
from GJ coast to Africa
Today, Mostly concentrated in East Africa
(Kenya, Uganda) south Africa and African
Islands (Mauritius, Seychelles and Reunion)
Indian diaspora (especially Gujaratis)
dominates economy of East African nations

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GEO L30 World Geo AFRICA

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World Geography

Physiography of Africa: Mt. and plateaus

Physiography of Africa: Deserts

Deserts of Africa & facts

Largest hot desert subtropical HP

Physiography of Africa: Basins

Physiography of Africa: Plains

Physiography of Africa: Rivers

African rift valley & lakes

African Rift valley

Islands between Africa All

Status of Agriculture in Africa

Status of Agriculture in Africa

Traditional African crops losing ground

Agro-exports from Africa

70% agro-export = cocoa

Around 60% of cultivable land is

Land grabbing by foreign investors

Animal Husbandry in Africa

Primitive- confined to traditional

Mineral reserve of Africa

Petroleum reserve of Africa

Indian oil companies in Africa

ONGC Videsh: Libya, Nigeria,

Indian Private companies in Africa

Diamonds reserve in Africa

Indian Diaspora in Africa

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