Apparel Production and Global Sourcing
Apparel Production and Global Sourcing
Apparel Production and Global Sourcing
Sourcing
Production Planning
Based on orders, a manufacturer decides on how many
garments of each style to produce.
Cut to order is the safest method, where you cut and
produce only against orders.
Cut to stock involves greater risk, where cutting is
based on estimates of projected sales.
Cut to stock is necessary for basics to enable
production to be spread out over time.
This allows work on items with high projected sales
during slack months and when they have long lead
times.
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Global Sourcing
Manufacturing is a global phenomenon, with the
majority of manufacturers no longer producing
apparel in their own factories.
Contractors, or independent producers does sewing,
and/or cutting and patternmaking, in their own
factories.
Contractors relieve manufacturers from:
Paying wages during slack periods
Investing in plant and machinery
Lack of capacity during peak times
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2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
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Global Sourcing
Extra movement of goods, communication issues and timing
issues arise from remote production.
Manufacturers seek cheap labor by going to Asia, Mexico, the
Caribbean Basin and Eastern Europe.
There are three basic methods of offshore production:
Production package
Cut, Make, and Trim (CMT)
Offshore Assembly (807)
Industry concerns about overseas production include
disintegration of domestic production base and use of
sweatshops overseas replacing domestic production.
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2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
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Costing
Production costs are mutually determined by the
manufacturer and contractor.
Elements include:
Materials
Trimmings
Production patternmaking, garding and marking
Spreading and cutting
Assembly
Finishing
Freight
Duty and quota
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
Patternmaking
Accurate patternmaking is crucial for successful
apparel production.
Most large manufacturers make patterns on a
computer using Computer Aided Design, or CAD.
Grading is the method to increase or decrease the
sample size production pattern to make a complete
size range.
Markers are the cutting guide on a sheet of
lightweight paper the same width as the fabric.
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2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
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Production Scheduling
Contractors schedule production and garment
assembly in time to met shipping dates.
The production schedule, or issue plan is a reverse
timetable usually covering six months.
The first date is a shipping date that meets the retailers
order requirements.
Plant capacity must be considered in planning the
production schedule.
Computerized inventory control has made planning
more accurate.
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
Garment Assembly
Garment assembly, or operations, are based on
operation sheets, where all necessary operations are
listed in sequence.
Sewing operations must be performed in sequence.
The three methods of construction are:
Progressive bundling
Whole garment system
Modular manufacturing
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2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
Garment Assembly
Computer technology is used in garment assembly:
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Garment Assembly
While programmable sewing machines are
very successful in surging or seaming,
automated sewing remains difficult.
Finishing is the handwork done inside collars
and lapels to form and hold shape.
The high cost of skilled labor has driven this
tailoring to fusing or machine basting.
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
FashionFromConcepttoConsumer,8/e
GiniFrings
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
2005PearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458