Lecture 2 - Steam Turbine
Lecture 2 - Steam Turbine
Lecture 2 - Steam Turbine
LECTURE 2
STEAM
TURBINE
Objectives
To identify the main part of
steam power plant.
To understand the working
principle of steam power plant.
To understand the layout of
steam power plant.
Classification of Power
Plant
Power plants using
conventional (nonrenewable) sources of energy
Classification of Power
Plant
Power plants using Nonconventional(renewable) sources of
energy
Principle of Steam
Turbine
Terminology
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Boiler
An important part of steam power production
systems.
The function of a boiler is to provide an
enclosure in which pressurized water can be
heated to a high temperature to produce
steam.
The heat from burning fossil is transferred to
an area through which pressurized water
flows - the water is converted to steam
The transfer of heat within a boiler utilizes the
three methods of heat transfer: radiation,
conduction and convection.
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Boiler
The radiation method involves the movement of
heat energy from a warm area to a cool area, and
is dependent upon temperature difference and the
ability of materials to absorb heat.
The conduction method requires contact between
the heat source and the heated area, and it relies
upon the heat conductivity of the heated material.
Convection is the movement of heat from a hot
area to a cooler area by means of an intermediate
substance, such as gas.
Each of these three methods of heat transfer
occurs in varying amounts, depending upon boiler
design.
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Boiler
A boiler must functions properly as the boiler operation
determines the quantity of steam available to produce the
rotary motion of the turbine.
When more power input for the generating process is required,
because of an increased load on the system, the boiler must
deliver more steam to the turbine.
Boilers must be able to provide effective water circulation,
efficient fuel combustion, and maximum heat transfer to the
circulating water.
The boilers used in most steam power plants today are called
water-tube boilers.
Their design consists of banks of tubes, separated by heat
insulation where water is circulated through the tubes under
high temperature and high pressure.
Boiler design is very important for an efficient steam power
plant operation.
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Stocker Boiler
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Boiler Coal/Gas/Oil
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Economizer
Feedwater Heaters
Preheater
Superheater
Economizer
Economizers utilize the hot exhaust
gases from the fuel reactions within
a boiler to preheat the cold
feedwater that is pumped into the
boiler.
Thus, the economizer uses the
waste gases, which would otherwise
be emitted through the exhaust
stack, for an important purpose.
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Superheater
These units consist of banks of tubes
located at the hottest area of the
boiler.
Steam flows through these tubes
before its entry into the steam
turbine.
The purpose of the superheater is to
cause the steam to reach a higher
temperature so as to produce more
energy in the steam turbine.
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Turbine
After steam has been produced,
a rotary motion must be
developed.
This rotary motion is produced
by a steam turbine.
The rotor is usually divided into
two partsthe high pressure
rotor and the low pressure rotor.
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Turbine
The low-pressure rotor is larger in
diameter than the high-pressure rotor.
Steam is channelled to the highpressure rotor, and it is then routed to
the low-pressure rotor.
Steam turbines ordinarily achieve a
maximum efficiency of less than 30
percent, but only when run at very
high speeds.
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Turbine
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Expanded View of
Turbine
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Turbine Generator
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Turbine Rotor
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Condenser
Condensers are used to cool the used
steam that has passed through the steam
turbine .
Extraction turbines have a steam condenser
operating under a vacuum to condense the
steam not extracted for other processes.
The condensate (condensed steam) is
returned to the boilers to produce steam
again.
The unused heat from the condensed steam
is rejected to the lake.
Extraction turbines are able to meet
variable steam load conditions and still
maintain electrical production needs.
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Condenser
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Cooling Tower
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