Active and Passive Transport Rhs
Active and Passive Transport Rhs
Active and Passive Transport
Chapter 5
1. Passive Transport
Movement of materials in and out of the cell
Requires no energy to happen
Two Types of Passive Transport
1.
2.
Diffusion: When substance moves that is
dissolved in water
Osmosis: When water moves across the
membrane
Solutions are made of 2 parts:
Solute:
Substance that is dissolved in water
Solvent: Liquid it is dissolved in (usually water)
Next
answer some questions about the
pictures on your paper
Vocab:
Hypertonic:
More solutes than the other
solution
Hypotonic: Less solutes than the other
solution
Isotonic: Equal solutes as another solution
Now go back to the pictures above and label
the cell and the environment around it as one
of the vocab words
Vocab Word
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Description
Picture with
inside of cell
as vocab
Picture with
env outside
as vocab
(a)
Molecules of dye
Membrane (cross section)
WATER
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Net diffusion
Osmosis
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
(b)
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Lower
concentration
of solute (sugar)
Higher
concentration
of sugar
Same concentration
of sugar
Selectively
permeable membrane: sugar molecules cannot pass
through pores, but
water molecules can
Water molecules
cluster around
sugar molecules
More free water
molecules (higher
concentration)
Fewer free water
molecules (lower
concentration)
Osmosis
Water moves from an area of higher
free water concentration to an area
of lower free water concentration
Describing a solution
1.
Hypotonic: when a solution is less
concentrated than another solution
Example: if around a cell is hypotonic, then
water will move into the cell.
Can cause a cell to get so large it may burst
(cytolysis)
2.
Hypertonic: When a solution is more
concentrated than another solution
If around a cell is hypertonic, water will move
out of the cell
Can cause the cell to get very small (in plants
will see plasmolysis: wilting)
3.
Isotonic: when two solutions have the same
concentration (are at equilibrium)
Causes water to move in and out equally
The cell maintains its shape
Hypotonic solution
H2O
Isotonic solution
H2O
Turgid (normal)
H2O
H2O
Normal
Lysed
Hypertonic solution
H2O
Shriveled
H2O
H2O
Flaccid
H2O
Plasmolyzed
2.
Osmosis
Water moves trying to balance out
concentrations
Goes from where there is more water to less
water
What if..
Environment
around a cell is hypotonic. What
direction will the water move?
Salt?
What if..
The
environment around a cell is hypertonic.
What direction will the water move?
Salt?
2. Active Transport
Requires
energy
Goes against the concentration gradient (from
lower concentration to higher concentration)
Figure 7.16 The sodiumpotassium pump: a specific case
of active transport
+
1 Cytoplasmic Na binds to
the sodium-potassium
pump.
EXTRACELLULAR
[Na+] high
FLUID
[K+] low
Na+
Na+
[Na+] low
Na+
CYTOPLASM [K+] high
+
+
3 K is released and Na
sites are receptive again;
The cycle repeats.
2 Na+ binding stimulates
phosphorylation by ATP.
Na+
Na+
Na+
P
ADP
Na
ATP
Phosphorylation causes the
4 protein to change its
conformation,
expelling Na+ to the outside.
Na+
Na+
K+
P
K+
Loss of the
phosphate
5 restores the
proteins
original
conformation.
+
6 Extracellular K binds to the
protein, triggering release of the
Phosphate group.
K+
K+
K+
K+
P
Pi
Sodium
Cells
Potassium Pump
usually have more sodium ions outside
and more potassium ions inside
Pump increases number of ions where
concentration is already high
When
substances are too large to pass
through the cell membrane, use endocytosis or
exocytosis
Membrane folds around substances and
release into cell or out of cell
Figure 7.20 Exploring Endocytosis
in Animal Cells
PHAGOCYTOSIS
EXTRACELLULAR
CYTOPLASM
FLUID
Pseudopodium
1 m
Pseudopodium
of amoeba
Food or
other particle
Food
vacuole
PINOCYTOSIS
Bacterium
Food vacuole
An amoeba engulfing a bacterium via
phagocytosis (TEM).
0.5 m
Plasma
membrane
Vesicle
Pinocytosis vesicles
forming (arrows) in
a cell lining a small
blood vessel (TEM).
Endocytosis
Material moved into cell
Forms vesicle
Pinocytosis: Liquids
Phagocytosis: Solids
1.
2.
Exocytosis
Material
