Napoleon Bonaparte

Napolon Bonaparte
by
Patrick M. Hanson (Pierre)
France Before Napoleon

The French Revolutionary Period
In 1789 France still controlled by
Monarchy
France was not a poor country but
numerous wars had put the
government in debt.
All the taxes were on the working poor
The bourgeoisie and the san culottes
Glass Ceiling
Estates General
Because of their discontent the bourgeoisie
and san culottes begin to revolt.
King Louis calls the Estates General (Les
Etats-Generaux de 1789)
The Estates General consisted of three
parties
1st estate- Nobles
2nd Estate- Clergy
3rd Estate- Bourgeoisie
The three estates took the Tennis Court Oath
Flight of the King

As a result, In 1791 a new constitution
is put into effect.
This ends absolutism in France, but was
not end of monarchy.
However, San culottes still unhappy
The flight of the king, in June 1791 the

royal family fled Paris in disguise. This
ends the monarchy in France.
This ends the reign of the Bourbons in
France.
Another Constitution
France declares war on Austria, Prussia
soon after becomes involved as well.
France soon after declares itself a
democratic republic. King and Marie
Antoinette are tried and executed.
While still in war with Prussia and
Austria the French revolution rises
again.
New constitution of 1793 is created.
Reign of Terror
France turns to Maximillion Robespierre
The Reign of Terror in France. Started with the
Executions of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.
Ended in the Thermidorian Reaction, where several
leaders including Robespierre were executed.
France immediately goes back to the Constitution

of 1791, but called it the Constitution of 1795. this
meant that the san culottes were once again
unhappy.
With France in Turmoil, England takes the offensive
and begins to invade France.
This was ended with the Treaty of Amiens.
Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

His first real military opportunity came when
he was just 24, as a captain of artillery at the
siege of Toulon.
Was able to seize forts, and eventually was able to
force British naval forces to retreat.
Was arrested and jailed for a short time

because he was the friend of the brother of
Robespierre.
He put down a mob in 1795 with the famous
quote whiff of grapeshot after being ordered
to by a member of the Directory, Paul Barras.
About Napoleon
Was born in Ajaccio on Corsica, August
15,1769
Entered military school (cole Militaire)
in 1784 at the age of 14.
When he was an adult he stood at 5 6.
Also known as The Little Corporal (Le
Petit Caporal) or The Corsican.
Despised the disorder of the French
Revolution.
The Art of War

Napoleon created his own Art of War.
Never had a set battle plan.
Never used the same tactic twice.
Rapid and audacious attacks.
Surprise and Speed.
Napoleon wanted to confuse his enemies

and make them feel unprepared.
Wanted his enemies demoralized but not
killed.
The Rise
As a reward for his protection of the
Convention, the directory rewarded
him with command of the army of Italy.
His victories induced the Austrians to
conclude the Peace of Campoformio.
With the Austria war over France
turned to England and Napoleon was
at the head of this.
Egypt
France knew that England's channel defense
was unbeatable. So instead Napoleon
suggested going through Britain's colonies
by attacking Egypt.
This was successful until, after seizing Cairo.
Napoleon was stopped because Frances fleet
was beaten by Lord Admiral Horatio Nelson.
This defeat left Napoleon stranded in Egypt.
Napoleon however continued to tell France
that everything was going well.
Move to the Government

After 19 months in Egypt Napoleon left his
army and snuck back to Paris.
The reason for this was because the
Directory was weakening and Napoleon
wanted to be there when France had no
leader.
He participated in the over through of the
Directory (Coup d'etat).
He was soon after named the 1st Council of
3 councils. However he basically
dominated the government and in 1799
had himself elected 1st council for life.
As 1 Council
st
Napoleon first made a compromise with

the Pope. However he did not give back
the churches land because this land
now belonged to the bourgeoisie. This
gained their trust.
Made it so that the clergy in France had
to be elected by the French people.
In 1804 the Code Napoleon became
Frances first uniform code of law and
most of those laws still exist today.
Continued
Napoleon wanted Frances economy
strong to increase popularity and also
to make France stronger.
Put high tax on foreign goods so that
Frances could compete.
To prevent inflation he created the
Bank of France.
Made jobs available to talent and no
money.
Military
Realizing that if he were to strengthen
his own position and rest his war
weary country he realized he would
have to make a safe period of peace
for France.
France embarked on a second Italian
campaign against Austria.
Defeated Austria and Prussia and
made them allies.
Emperor
By 1810 Napoleon controlled almost every
nation in Europe. Napoleon called this the
Great Empire.
He named himself king in Italy
However, Frances Greatest foe, England,

refused to even make peace with France.
In 1805 Napoleon put together a navy
consisting of a French and Spanish fleet.
In the battle of Trafalgar the British crushed the
French- Spanish fleet.
Continental System
Napoleon created the Continental system.
Forbid all nations under his control from doing
business with England.
This only hurt the British slightly because of
their colonies all over the world.
This was, however, like a punishment to the
already conquered countries who needed
England to help their Economies. This created
massive unemployment, even in France, and
some of the countries went into a depression.
The bourgeoisie begin to turn on Napoleon.
The Spanish Ulcer

Napoleon gave Spain the duty of
keeping Portugal from trading with
England. Spain did not put a big effort
forward to keep this from happening.
Napoleon decided to invade ally Spain
and then put his brother Joseph on the
throne of Spain.
In 1807 the War of the Knife breaks out.
Napoleon called this war the Spanish
Ulcer.
The Spanish Ulcer

With the Spanish in a war with France
England grasps the opportunity to get
into Europe and begin to fight with the
Spanish.
Because of Spain's slight success other
countries become inspired and form a
resistance against France.
In 1812 Russia then begins to trade with
England and Napoleon, while still fighting
Spain travel east to fight Russia.
Le Grande Armee de la
Russe
Napoleon took 614,000 men and 200,000
animals to Russia.
Napoleon marches his army to Moscow after
little resistance. The highlight being the Battle
of Borodino.
He finds Moscow empty. The army arrive on
September 7 and did not leave until October
19. However, the army is slow and on the
return to France the Russian winter sets in and
much of the army is lost.
Napoleon arrived back in Paris before his army
on December 18.
The Decline
Napoleon builds another army in Paris.
He was defeated at the battle of Nations
at Leipzig in October of 1813.
He continued to fight until March of
1814 where Napoleon abdicated the
throne and put his son Napoleon II in
place.
Soon after Louis XVIII was put on the
throne. This was the return of the
Bourbon family to the throne.
Exile 1
Napoleon is exiled away from France
to the island of Elba.
However, Napoleon began planning
and plotting to get France back on top
and restore his name.
Ten months later with the French
people once again upset with the
monarchy, Napoleon began to invade.
The Return of Napoleon

In February of 1816 Napoleon began
sailing from Elba to France.
Napoleon with only 1000 men began
marching. The French army, discontent
with the new king, began to follow
Napoleon.
He arrived in Paris unopposed and took
the throne on March 21.
Louis XVIII fled the throne.
The Hundred Days

With Napoleon being back the countries
immediately began the war again.
Napoleon began advancing through
Europe winning the battle of Ligny.
However, at the battle of Waterloo
Napoleons army is soundly defeated on
June 18, 1815.
He returned to Paris defeated and was
once again abdicated on June 22.
Exiled for Good

Napoleon is exiled to the island of St.
Helena, this after trying to escape to
the United States.
There he spent the rest of his life
writing his memoirs
He died of skin cancer on May 15,
1821.
The Congress of Vienna

After the battle of Waterloo the European
powers meet in Vienna, Austria, in an effort to
reconstruct Europe and also to make peace.
This meeting was known as the congress of
Vienna.
During these meetings the European powers
quickly decided that France would not be
punished for Napoleons actions.
Through the meetings an alliance between the
five major powers in Europe was created
known as the Concert of Europe
Because of these meeting there would not be a
major war in Europe for almost 100 years
Works Cited
http://www.napoleonbonaparte.nl/html
/body_nap_and_revolution.html
http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/b
onapartenapoleon/a/bionapoleon.htm
http://www.answers.com/topic/napoleo
n-bonaparte
http://www.essortment.com/all/napole
onbonapar_rxda.htm

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Napolon Bonaparte

France Before Napoleon

The three estates took the Tennis Court Oath

Flight of the King

The flight of the king, in June 1791 the

France immediately goes back to the Constitution

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Was arrested and jailed for a short time

The Art of War

Napoleon wanted to confuse his enemies

Move to the Government

Napoleon first made a compromise with

However, Frances Greatest foe, England,

The Spanish Ulcer

The Spanish Ulcer

The Return of Napoleon

The Hundred Days

Exiled for Good

The Congress of Vienna

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