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    Distribution of Water On Earth

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    Gogîia Alexandru Denis
    This document discusses the distribution of water on Earth. It notes that the hydrosphere, which is the part of Earth that contains water, is made up of 97% saltwater found in oceans and 3% freshwater. Of this freshwater, 30% is groundwater, 68% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps, and 2% is available on the surface in lakes, rivers and streams. The water cycle, which involves evaporation, condensation and precipitation, is also described to explain how freshwater is distributed and circulated around the globe.

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    Distribution of Water On Earth

    Uploaded by

    Gogîia Alexandru Denis
    247 views25 pages
    This document discusses the distribution of water on Earth. It notes that the hydrosphere, which is the part of Earth that contains water, is made up of 97% saltwater found in oceans and 3% freshwater. Of this freshwater, 30% is groundwater, 68% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps, and 2% is available on the surface in lakes, rivers and streams. The water cycle, which involves evaporation, condensation and precipitation, is also described to explain how freshwater is distributed and circulated around the globe.

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    Distribution of Water on Earth[1]

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    This document discusses the distribution of water on Earth. It notes that the hydrosphere, which is the part of Earth that contains water, is made up of 97% saltwater found in oceans and 3% freshwater. Of this freshwater, 30% is groundwater, 68% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps, and 2% is available on the surface in lakes, rivers and streams. The water cycle, which involves evaporation, condensation and precipitation, is also described to explain how freshwater is distributed and circulated around the globe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    247 views25 pages

    Distribution of Water On Earth

    Uploaded by

    Gogîia Alexandru Denis
    This document discusses the distribution of water on Earth. It notes that the hydrosphere, which is the part of Earth that contains water, is made up of 97% saltwater found in oceans and 3% freshwater. Of this freshwater, 30% is groundwater, 68% is frozen in glaciers and ice caps, and 2% is available on the surface in lakes, rivers and streams. The water cycle, which involves evaporation, condensation and precipitation, is also described to explain how freshwater is distributed and circulated around the globe.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that most of Earth's water is saltwater found in oceans, while only a small percentage is freshwater. The freshwater is found primarily as ice sheets and glaciers, in the ground as groundwater, and in lakes, rivers and streams.

    Most of Earth's water (about 97%) is saltwater found in the oceans. The remaining 3% is freshwater, with about two-thirds being frozen in ice sheets and glaciers and one-third as liquid water found in groundwater, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.

    The main components of the hydrosphere are the oceans, which contain about 97% of Earth's water, and freshwater. Freshwater includes ice sheets and glaciers (about 68% of freshwater), groundwater (about 30% of freshwater), and liquid surface water found in lakes, rivers and streams (about 2% of freshwater).

    DISTRIBUTI

    ON OF
    WATER ON
    EARTH
    Chapter 1C - Hydrology
    Messana

    Science 8

    8.E.1 Understand the hydrosphere and the impact of


    humans on local systems and the effects of the
    hydrosphere on humans.
    8.E.1.1 Explain the structure of the hydrosphere
    including:
    Water distribution on earth
    Local river basins and water
    availability

    THIRST VIDEO

    http://www.slideshare.net/jbrenman/thirst

    THE HYDROSPHERE
    Hydrosphere: the part of
    Earth that contains
    water

    97% of Earths water


    is salt water

    Only 3% is fresh
    water: (30%
    groundwater, 68%
    frozen, 2% on surface)

    SALTWATER
    Oceans cover 71% of Earths surface (about )
    Land takes up 29% of Earths surface (about )
    2 categories of water in the Hydrospherebased
    on Salinity = % salt content
    Saltwater:
    97% of Earths water
    Oceans
    35 g salt/kg of water
    How many oceans are currently recognized
    today??!!

    FRESHWATER
    Freshwater:

    <

    1 g salt/kg of water
    ONLY 3% of Earths water is fresh
    2/3 of that is frozen in glaciers,
    ice caps, & icebergs (pieces of
    glaciers floating in ocean)
    1/3 of that is liquid &
    accessible in lakes, ponds,
    rivers, streams, or underground

    FRESHWATER RESOURCES

    Most freshwater is
    frozen at the polar
    ice caps!!

    Glaciers are masses of


    ice and snow that
    move slowly over the
    Earths surface.

    WHERES THE WATER?

    The Great Lakes are the largest freshwater


    System on earth. They contain 84% of
    North Americas surface freshwater and
    21% of the worlds surface fresh water
    supply. Only the polar ice caps contain
    more fresh water.

    WATER CYCLE QUICK REVIEW


    1. Sun heats the water on the surface of Earth
    2. Freshwater evaporates into atmosphere as
    water vapor (salt in ocean stays behind)
    3. Water vapor cools & condenses on dust
    particles to form clouds
    4. Water falls back to Earth as precipitation in
    the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail
    5. Precipitation that hits surface either gets
    absorbed into ground, stays trapped as
    standing water, or moves downhill as run-off
    back into lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, oceans
    **The amount of water on Earth stays the same!!**

    FRESHWATER RESOURCES
    1/3

    of Earths freshwater is
    groundwater!!

    Groundwater

    forms when water


    moves through soils and
    sediment and collects in spaces
    underground.
    An aquifer is a rock layer that
    stores water in the spaces
    between the rock and allows
    water to flow through it.

    WATER DRAINAGE PATTERNS

    Precipitation hits the surface of Earth


    1.) If Permeable/Pervious Surface = water
    will sink in Ex: Sand, Gravel, Dirt

    2.) If Impermeable/Impervious Surface =


    water will not sink in, may be trapped in basin
    OR may run off from high low elevation
    Ex: Red Clay, Cement, Asphalt

    WATER DRAINAGE PATTERNS

    Divide = high ridge of land from which water


    will flow in different directions
    Watershed/River Drainage Basin = drainage
    area where all water from one side of a divide
    flows, all water flows to one central river based
    on the topography (curves/elevation) of the land

    What River Basin do we live in??


    Catawba River Wateree River Santee River
    Atlantic Ocean!

    EXAMINE A WATERSHED

    POSSIBLE WATER FLOW EXAMPLE


    Precipitation
    Land
    Flows Downhill
    Stream
    River
    Larger River OR Lake
    Estuary = mix of fresh & salt water in a bay

    Ocean!!...all water ends up here

    GROUNDWATER
    Water that seeps into the soil & is pulled down
    by gravity
    Can move or sit under the surface if there are
    spaces between the rock/soil particles
    (permeable)
    Water will seep down until it hits an
    impermeable surface, then fill up from there
    (like your bathtub with the drain closed!)
    The region filled with ground water =
    Saturation Zone
    The top surface of this area = Water Table

    WATER TABLE & SATURATION


    ZONE

    AQUIFERS
    Underground permeable rock or sediment
    that contains water
    Particles in ground act like filter to water!!

    OGALLALA AQUIFER UNDER U.S.


    Huge source of
    freshwater for
    drinking &
    irrigation in the U.S.
    Depleting at alarming
    rate

    The

    average annual
    depletion rate between
    2000 and 2007 was
    more than twice that
    during the previous
    fifty years!

    GROUNDWATER TO THE SURFACE


    VIA
    Man-made Well pipe dug into ground
    to extract water from aquifer
    2.) Artesian Well water flows naturally
    to surface because its under pressure
    3.) Spring water flows to surface
    because surface of land dips below water
    table
    4.) Hot Spring/Geyser water heated up
    by rocks, pushes up to surface due to
    pressure
    1.)

    MAN-MADE WELL

    ARTESIAN WELL & SPRING

    GEYSER IN ICELAND YOUTUBE


    CLIP

    http://www.google.com/url?
    q=http://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DWdaowLojM&sa=U&ei=n65CT8aeApDcgge2o63lCw&ve
    d=0CCgQtwIwAg&usg=AFQjCNEpLlDlSzVPx4a
    S-Tu3nfBc1pCkKw
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=tShhZvvIM84&feature=related

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?
    v=wJ3CKgZEitw&feature=player_embedded#!
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTqLQO3L4Ko

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