PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL
MACHINE DESIGN
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICAL
MACHINE DESIGN
The magnetic flux in all electrical
machines (generators, motors and
transformers)
plays
an
important
role in converting or transferring the
energy. Field or magnetizing winding
of rotating machines produces the
flux while armature winding supplies
either electrical power or mechanical
The basic design of an electrical
machine involves:
the dimensioning of the magnetic
circuit electrical circuit
insulation system etc
and
is
carried
out
by
applying
analytical equations.
A designer is generally confronted
with a number of problems for which
there may not be one solution, but
An electrical designer must be
familiar with
A practical designer must effect the
design so that the stock (standard
frames, punching etc.,) is adaptable to
the requirements of the specification.
The designer must also affect some
sort of compromise between the ideal
design and a design which comply with
manufacturing conditions.
An electrical designer must be
familiar with .
a. National and international standards
Indian Standard (IS), Bureau of Indian
Standard (BIS), India British Standard
(BS), England
International
Electro
technical
Commission (IEC) NEMA (The National
Electrical Manufacturers Association).
An electrical designer must be
.familiar with
b.
Specifications
machine
(that
ratings,
deals
with
performance
requirements etc., of the consumer)
c. Cost of material and labor
d. Manufacturing constraints etc.
basic components of
electromagnetic apparatus
The
basic
components
of
all
electromagnetic apparatus are:
the field and armature windings
supported
by
insulation
cooling system .
mechanical parts.
dielectric
or
Factors for consideration in
electrical machine design
1. Magnetic circuit or the flux path:
Should establish required amount of
flux using minimum mmf. The core
losses should be less.
2. Electric circuit or windings: Should
ensure required emf is induced with
no
complexity
arrangement.
The
in
copper
winding
losses
Factors for consideration in
electrical machine design
3. Insulation: Should ensure trouble
free
separation
of
machine
parts
operating at different potential and
confine the current in the prescribed
paths.
4.
Cooling
Should
system
ensure
that
or
ventilation:
the
machine
operates at the specified temperature.
Additional factors in electrical
machine design
The art of successful design lies not
only in resolving the conflict for space
between iron, copper, insulation and
coolant but also in optimization of cost
of manufacturing, and operating and
maintenance charges.
The factors, apart from the above, that
requires consideration are:
Additional factors in electrical
machine design
a. Limitation in design ( saturation,
current density, insulation, temperature
rise etc.,)
b. Customers needs
c. National and international standards
d. Convenience in production line and
transportation
e. Maintenance and repairs
Limitations in design
The materials used for the machine
and
others
such
as
cooling
etc.,
imposes a limitation in design. The
limitations stem from saturation of
iron, current density in conductors,
temperature,
insulation,
mechanical
properties, efficiency, power factor etc.
harmonics.
Limitations in design
a.
Saturation:
Higher
flux
density
reduces the volume of iron but drives
the iron to operate beyond knee of the
magnetization curve or in the region of
saturation.
Saturation of iron poses a limitation on
account of increased core loss and
excessive
excitation
required
to
Limitations in design
b.
Current
density:
Higher
current
density reduces the volume of copper
but
increases
the
losses
and
temperature.
c. Temperature: poses a limitation on
account
of
possible
damage
insulation and other materials.
to
Limitations in design
d.
Insulation
(which
is
both
mechanically and electrically weak):
poses
breakdown
limitation
by
on
account
excessive
of
voltage
gradient, mechanical forces or heat.
e.
Mechanical
materials
strength
poses
of
the
limitation
particularly in case of large and high
Limitations in design
f. High efficiency and high power factor
poses a limitation on account of higher
capital cost. (A low value of efficiency
and power factor on the other hand
results in a high maintenance cost).
g.
Mechanical
Commutation
in
dc
motors or generators leads to poor
commutation. Apart from the above
factors
Consumer,
manufacturer
or
