BESSELS EQUATION AND BESSEL
FUNCTIONS:
The differential equation
2
d
y
dy
2
2
2
(1)
x
x x n y 0
2
dx
dx
where n is a parameter, is called
Bessels Equation of Order n.
Any solution of Bessels Equation of
Order n is called a Bessel Function of
Order n.
Bessels Equation and Bessels
Functions occur in connection
with many problems of physics
and engineering, and there is an
extensive literature dealing with
the theory and application of this
equation and its solutions.
If n=0 Equation (1) is equivalent
to the equation
d 2 y dy
x
(2) xy 0
2
dx
dx
which is called Bessels Equation
of Order Zero.
The general Solution of Equation (2) is given
by :
y A J 0 ( x) B Y0 ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary
J0
constants,
and
is called the
Bessel Function of the First Kind
of
Y0 Order Zero.
is called the Bessel
Function of the Second Kind of
Order Zero.
The functions J0 and Y0 have
been studied extensively and
tabulated. Many of the
interesting properties of these
functions are indicated by
their graphs.
The general Solution of Equation (1) is given
by :
y A J n ( x) B Yn ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary
Jn
constants,
and
is called the
Bessel Function of the First Kind of
Order n.
Bessel Functions of the first
kind of order n
is called the Gamma
Function
( n) t
n 1 t
e dt for n 0
(n 1) n(n)
(n 1) n! ; if n 0,1,2,.....where 0! 1
(n 1)
( n)
for n0
n
Bessel Functions of the first
kind of order n
For n=0,1 we have
Yn
is called the Bessel Function of the Second Kind of Order n.
is Eulers Constant and is defined by
1 1
1
lim 1 ... ln n 0.5772
n
2 3
n
For n=0
General Solution of
Bessel Differential Equation
Generating Function for
Jn(x)
Recurrence Formulas forBessel
Functions
Bessel Functions of Order Equal
to Half and Odd Integer
In this case the functions are
expressible in terms of sines and
cosines.
For further results use the recurrence
formula.
Bessels Modified Differential
Equations
Solutions of this equation are called
modified Bessel functions of order n.
Modified Bessels Functions of
the First Kind of Order n
Modified Bessels Functions of
the First Kind of Order n
Modified Bessels Functions of
the First Kind of Order n
Modified Bessels Functions of
the Second Kind of Order n
Modified Bessels Functions of
the Second Kind of Order n
Modified Bessels Functions of
the Second Kind of Order n
General Solution of
Bessels Modified Equation
Generating Function for
In(x)
Recurrence Formulas for
Modified Bessel Functions
Recurrence Formulas for
Modified Bessel Functions
Modified Bessel Functions of Order
Equal to Half and Odd Integer
In this case the functions are
expressible in terms of hyperbolic
sines and cosines.
Modified Bessel Functions of Order
Equal to Half and Odd Integer
For further results use the recurrence formula.
Results for are obtained from
Modified Bessel Functions of Order
Equal to Half and Odd Integer
Graphs of Bessel
Functions
J 0 ( 0) 1
J 1 ( 0) 0
Y0 (0)
Y1 (0)
I 1 ( 0) 0
I o (0) 1
K 0 (0)
K1 (0)
Indefinite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
Indefinite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
Indefinite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
Indefinite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
Definite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
Definite Integrals Involving
Bessel Functions
A General Differential Equation
Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
Many differential equations
occur in practice that are not of
the standars form but whose
solutions can be written in
terms of Bessel functions.
A General Differential Equation
Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
The differential equation
1 2a
a p c
c 1 2
y
y bcx
y0
2
x
x
has the solution
2 2
y x a Z p (bx c )
Where Z stands for J and Y or any linear
combination of them, and a, b, c, p are
constants.
Example
Solve y+9xy=0
Solution:
1 2a 0;
(bc) 2 9;
2(c 1) 1;
a 2 p 2c 2 0
From these equations we find
a 1 / 2;
c 3 / 2;
b 2;
p a / c 1/ 3
Then the solution of the equation is
y x1/ 2 Z1/ 3 (2 x 3 / 2 )
This means that the general solution
of the equation is
y x [ AJ1/ 3 (2 x ) BY1/ 3 (2 x )
1/ 2
3/ 2
3/ 2
where A and B are constants
A General Differential Equation
Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
The differential equation
p
x y x(a 2bx ) y
2
c dx
2q
b(a p 1) x b x
p
2p
y 0
If (1 a ) 4c and d and p or q is not zero
2
has the solution
yx e
x p
AZ
(x ) BZ (x )
q
1 a
;
2
b
;
p
d
q
(1 a ) 4c
2q
2
d 0
d 0
d 0
d 0
A General Differential Equation
Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
The differential equation
d r dy
s
r 2
y0
x
ax bx
dx
dx
If
(1 r ) 4b and s r 2 or b 2
2
has the solution
y x AZ (x ) BZ (x )
1 r
;
2
2r s
;
2
2 a
2r s
(1 r ) 4b
2r s
2
a 0
a 0
a0
a0
Problem
A pipe of radius R0 has a circular fin of
radius R1 and thickness 2B on it (as shown
in the figure below). The outside wall
temperature of the pipe is Tw and the
ambient air temperature is Ta. Neglect the
heat loss from the edge of the fin (of
thickness 2B). Assume heat is transferred
to the ambient air by surface convection
with a constant heat transfer coefficient h.
a) Starting with a shell thermal
energy balance, derive the
differential equation that describes
the radial temperature distribution in
the fin.
b) Obtain the radial temperature
distribution in the circular fin.
c) Develop an expression for the total
heat loss from the fin.
Solution
From a thermal energy balance over
a thin cylindrical ring of width r in
the circular fin, we get
Rate of Heat In - Out + Generation =
Accumulation
The accumulation term (at steadystate) and the generation term will
be zero. So,
(2r 2 Bqr )
(2r 2 Bqr )
r r
2(2rr )h(T Ta ) 0
where h is the (constant) heat transfer
coefficient for surface convection to the
ambient air and qr is the heat flux for
conduction in the radial direction.
Dividing by 4 B r and taking the limit as
r tends to zero,
(rq r ) r r (rq r ) r
h
lim
r (T Ta )
r 0
r
B
d
h
(rq r ) r (T Ta )
dr
B
If the thermal conductivity k of the fin
material is considered constant, on
substituting Fouriers law we get
d
dT
h
(r
)
r (T Ta )
dr dr
kB
Let the dimensionless excess
temperature be denoted by = (T Ta)/(Tw - Ta). Then,
d
d
h
(r
)
r 0
dr dr
kB
d r dy
s
r 2
x
ax bx y 0
dx
dx
r 1; s 1; b 0; a h /(kB)
(1 r ) 4b 1 1 0 4(0)
2
and s r 2
0;
1;
11 2
a x)
x AZ 0 ( a x) BZ 0 ( a x)
0
AI 0 ( a x) BK 0 (
