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Bessel

The document discusses Bessel's differential equation and Bessel functions. It begins by defining Bessel's equation of order n as a second order linear differential equation. Any solution to this equation is called a Bessel function of order n. Bessel's equation and functions arise in problems of physics and engineering. The general solution to Bessel's equation is given in terms of Bessel functions of the first and second kind. Properties of these functions like recurrence formulas and graphs are also discussed. The document also considers modified Bessel's equation and functions as well as more general differential equations that have Bessel functions as solutions.

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Rafael Mapo
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369 views62 pages

Bessel

The document discusses Bessel's differential equation and Bessel functions. It begins by defining Bessel's equation of order n as a second order linear differential equation. Any solution to this equation is called a Bessel function of order n. Bessel's equation and functions arise in problems of physics and engineering. The general solution to Bessel's equation is given in terms of Bessel functions of the first and second kind. Properties of these functions like recurrence formulas and graphs are also discussed. The document also considers modified Bessel's equation and functions as well as more general differential equations that have Bessel functions as solutions.

Uploaded by

Rafael Mapo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BESSELS EQUATION AND BESSEL

FUNCTIONS:

The differential equation

2
d
y
dy
2
2
2
(1)
x
x x n y 0
2
dx
dx

where n is a parameter, is called


Bessels Equation of Order n.
Any solution of Bessels Equation of
Order n is called a Bessel Function of
Order n.

Bessels Equation and Bessels


Functions occur in connection
with many problems of physics
and engineering, and there is an
extensive literature dealing with
the theory and application of this
equation and its solutions.

If n=0 Equation (1) is equivalent


to the equation

d 2 y dy
x
(2) xy 0
2
dx
dx
which is called Bessels Equation
of Order Zero.

The general Solution of Equation (2) is given


by :

y A J 0 ( x) B Y0 ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary
J0
constants,
and
is called the
Bessel Function of the First Kind
of
Y0 Order Zero.
is called the Bessel
Function of the Second Kind of
Order Zero.

The functions J0 and Y0 have


been studied extensively and
tabulated. Many of the
interesting properties of these
functions are indicated by
their graphs.

The general Solution of Equation (1) is given


by :

y A J n ( x) B Yn ( x)
where A and B are arbitrary
Jn
constants,
and
is called the
Bessel Function of the First Kind of
Order n.

Bessel Functions of the first


kind of order n

is called the Gamma


Function

( n) t

n 1 t

e dt for n 0

(n 1) n(n)
(n 1) n! ; if n 0,1,2,.....where 0! 1
(n 1)
( n)
for n0
n

Bessel Functions of the first


kind of order n

For n=0,1 we have

Yn

is called the Bessel Function of the Second Kind of Order n.

is Eulers Constant and is defined by

1 1
1

lim 1 ... ln n 0.5772


n
2 3
n

For n=0

General Solution of
Bessel Differential Equation

Generating Function for


Jn(x)

Recurrence Formulas forBessel


Functions

Bessel Functions of Order Equal


to Half and Odd Integer
In this case the functions are
expressible in terms of sines and
cosines.

For further results use the recurrence


formula.

Bessels Modified Differential


Equations

Solutions of this equation are called


modified Bessel functions of order n.

Modified Bessels Functions of


the First Kind of Order n

Modified Bessels Functions of


the First Kind of Order n

Modified Bessels Functions of


the First Kind of Order n

Modified Bessels Functions of


the Second Kind of Order n

Modified Bessels Functions of


the Second Kind of Order n

Modified Bessels Functions of


the Second Kind of Order n

General Solution of
Bessels Modified Equation

Generating Function for


In(x)

Recurrence Formulas for


Modified Bessel Functions

Recurrence Formulas for


Modified Bessel Functions

Modified Bessel Functions of Order


Equal to Half and Odd Integer

In this case the functions are


expressible in terms of hyperbolic
sines and cosines.

Modified Bessel Functions of Order


Equal to Half and Odd Integer

For further results use the recurrence formula.


Results for are obtained from

Modified Bessel Functions of Order


Equal to Half and Odd Integer

Graphs of Bessel
Functions
J 0 ( 0) 1
J 1 ( 0) 0

Y0 (0)
Y1 (0)

I 1 ( 0) 0
I o (0) 1

K 0 (0)
K1 (0)

Indefinite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

Indefinite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

Indefinite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

Indefinite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

Definite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

Definite Integrals Involving


Bessel Functions

A General Differential Equation


Having Bessel Functions as Solutions

Many differential equations


occur in practice that are not of
the standars form but whose
solutions can be written in
terms of Bessel functions.

A General Differential Equation


Having Bessel Functions as Solutions
The differential equation

1 2a
a p c
c 1 2
y
y bcx

y0
2
x
x

has the solution

2 2

y x a Z p (bx c )

Where Z stands for J and Y or any linear


combination of them, and a, b, c, p are
constants.

Example
Solve y+9xy=0
Solution:
1 2a 0;

(bc) 2 9;
2(c 1) 1;
a 2 p 2c 2 0

From these equations we find


a 1 / 2;
c 3 / 2;
b 2;
p a / c 1/ 3

Then the solution of the equation is


y x1/ 2 Z1/ 3 (2 x 3 / 2 )

This means that the general solution


of the equation is

y x [ AJ1/ 3 (2 x ) BY1/ 3 (2 x )
1/ 2

3/ 2

3/ 2

where A and B are constants

A General Differential Equation


Having Bessel Functions as Solutions

The differential equation


p

x y x(a 2bx ) y
2

c dx

2q

b(a p 1) x b x
p

2p

y 0

If (1 a ) 4c and d and p or q is not zero


2

has the solution

yx e

x p

AZ

(x ) BZ (x )
q

1 a

;
2
b
;
p

d
q

(1 a ) 4c

2q
2

d 0

d 0

d 0

d 0

A General Differential Equation


Having Bessel Functions as Solutions

The differential equation

d r dy
s
r 2
y0
x
ax bx
dx
dx
If

(1 r ) 4b and s r 2 or b 2
2

has the solution

y x AZ (x ) BZ (x )

1 r

;
2
2r s

;
2

2 a
2r s

(1 r ) 4b

2r s
2

a 0

a 0

a0

a0

Problem
A pipe of radius R0 has a circular fin of
radius R1 and thickness 2B on it (as shown
in the figure below). The outside wall
temperature of the pipe is Tw and the
ambient air temperature is Ta. Neglect the
heat loss from the edge of the fin (of
thickness 2B). Assume heat is transferred
to the ambient air by surface convection
with a constant heat transfer coefficient h.

a) Starting with a shell thermal


energy balance, derive the
differential equation that describes
the radial temperature distribution in
the fin.
b) Obtain the radial temperature
distribution in the circular fin.
c) Develop an expression for the total
heat loss from the fin.

Solution
From a thermal energy balance over
a thin cylindrical ring of width r in
the circular fin, we get
Rate of Heat In - Out + Generation =
Accumulation
The accumulation term (at steadystate) and the generation term will
be zero. So,

(2r 2 Bqr )

(2r 2 Bqr )

r r

2(2rr )h(T Ta ) 0

where h is the (constant) heat transfer


coefficient for surface convection to the
ambient air and qr is the heat flux for
conduction in the radial direction.
Dividing by 4 B r and taking the limit as
r tends to zero,
(rq r ) r r (rq r ) r
h
lim
r (T Ta )
r 0
r
B

d
h
(rq r ) r (T Ta )
dr
B
If the thermal conductivity k of the fin
material is considered constant, on
substituting Fouriers law we get
d
dT
h
(r
)
r (T Ta )
dr dr
kB

Let the dimensionless excess


temperature be denoted by = (T Ta)/(Tw - Ta). Then,
d
d
h
(r
)
r 0
dr dr
kB

d r dy
s
r 2
x
ax bx y 0
dx
dx
r 1; s 1; b 0; a h /(kB)
(1 r ) 4b 1 1 0 4(0)
2

and s r 2

0;
1;

11 2

a x)

x AZ 0 ( a x) BZ 0 ( a x)
0

AI 0 ( a x) BK 0 (

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