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Lecture 5

This document discusses various LAN technologies including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. It describes their key features such as bandwidth, media access protocols, physical media options, and maximum segment lengths. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD and supports speeds of 10 Mbps originally as well as newer standards of 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, and 10 Gbps. Physical media include copper cable and fiber with different distance capabilities depending on the technology.

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16 views15 pages

Lecture 5

This document discusses various LAN technologies including Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. It describes their key features such as bandwidth, media access protocols, physical media options, and maximum segment lengths. Ethernet uses CSMA/CD and supports speeds of 10 Mbps originally as well as newer standards of 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, and 10 Gbps. Physical media include copper cable and fiber with different distance capabilities depending on the technology.

Uploaded by

hariharankalyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAN Technologies

LAN TECHNOLOGIES

LAN Technologies

Technology Options
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gig Ethernet
WLAN

LAN Technologies

Media Access
Ethernet and
technologies

Wi-Fi

are

both

multi-access

Broadcast medium, shared by many hosts


Simultaneous transmissions will result in collisions

Media Access Control (MAC) protocol required


Rules on how to share medium

The Data Link Layer is divided into two Part MAC


Media Access Control) Sublayer and LLC (Logic
Link Control) Sublayer

LAN Technologies

802.3 Ethernet
Carrier-sense multiple
detection (CSMA/CD).
CS = carrier sense
MA = multiple access
CD = collision detection

access

with

collision

Base Ethernet standard is 10 Mbps.


100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps standards came later

LAN Technologies

Ethernet CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with
collision detection) media access protocol is used.
Data is transmitted in the form of packets.
Sense channel prior to actual packet transmission.
Transmit packet only if channel is sensed idle;
else, defer the transmission until channel becomes
idle.
After packet transmission is started, the node
monitors its own transmission to see if the packet
has experienced a collision.
If the packet is observed to be undergoing a
collision, the transmission is aborted and the
packet is retransmitted after a random interval of
time using Binary Exponential Backoff algorithm.

LAN Technologies

Ethernet Address
End nodes are identified by their Ethernet
Addresses (MAC Address or Hardware Address)
which is a unique 6 Byte address.
MAC Address is represented in Hexa Decimal format
e.g 00:05:5D:FE:10:0A
The first 3 bytes identify a vendor (also called prefix)
and the last 3 bytes are unique for every host or
device

LAN Technologies

Ethernet Frame Structure


Preamble:
7 bytes with pattern 10101010 followed by one byte
with pattern 10101011
Used to synchronize receiver, sender clock rates
Addresses: 6 bytes, frame is received by all adapters
on a LAN and dropped if address does not match
Length: 2 bytes, length of Data field
CRC: 4 bytes generated using CR-32, checked at
receiver, if error is detected, the frame is simply dropped
Data Payload: Maximum 1500 bytes, minimum 46 bytes
If data is less than 46 bytes, pad with zeros to 46
bytes

Length

LAN Technologies

Ethernet
10 Base 5 (Thicknet) (Bus Topology)
10 Base 2 (Thinnet) (Bus Topology)
10 Base T (UTP) (Star/Tree Topology)
10 Base FL (Fiber) (Star/Tree Topology)

LAN Technologies

Ethernet BUS Topology

Repeater

LAN Technologies

Ethernet STAR Topology

Hub

LAN Technologies

Ethernet
Physical Media :10 Base5
10 Base2
10 BaseT
10 BaseFL

Thick Co-axial Cable with Bus Topology


Thin Co-axial Cable with Bus Topology
UTP Cat 3/5 with Tree Topology
Multimode/Singlemode Fiber with Tree
Topology

Maximum Segment Length


10 Base5
10 Base2
10 BaseT

- 500 m with at most 4 repeaters (Use Bridge to extend


the network)
- 185 m with at most 4 repeaters (Use Bridge to extend
the network)
- 100 m with at most 4 hubs (Use Switch to extend the
network)

LAN Technologies

Fast Ethernet
100 Mbps bandwidth
Uses same CSMA/CD media access protocol and
packet format as in Ethernet.
100BaseTX (UTP) and 100BaseFX (Fiber) standards
Physical media :100 BaseTX
- UTP Cat 5e
100 BaseFX - Multimode / Singlemode Fiber
Full Duplex/Half Duplex operations.

LAN Technologies

Fast Ethernet
Provision for Auto-Negotiation of media speed:
10 Mbps or 100Mbps (popularly available for copper
media only).
Maximum Segment Length
100 Base TX - 100 m
100 Base FX - 2 Km (Multimode Fiber)
100 Base FX - 20 km (Singlemode Fiber)

LAN Technologies

Gigabit Ethernet
1 Gbps bandwidth.
Uses same CSMA/CD media access protocol as in
Ethernet and is backward compatible (10/100/100
modules are available).
1000BaseT (UTP), 1000BaseSX (Multimode Fiber)
and 1000BaseLX (Multimode/Singlemode Fiber)
standards.
Maximum Segment Length
1000 Base T
- 100m (Cat 5e/6)
1000 Base SX - 275 m (Multimode Fiber)
1000 Base LX - 512 m (Multimode Fiber)
1000 Base LX - 20 Km (Singlemode Fiber)
1000 Base LH - 80 Km (Singlemode Fiber)

LAN Technologies

10 Gig Ethernet
10 Gbps bandwidth.
Uses same CSMA/CD media access protocol as in
Ethernet.
Propositioned for Metro-Ethernet
Maximum Segment Length
1000 Base-T
- Not available
10GBase-LR
- 10 Km (Singlemode Fiber)
10GBase-ER
- 40 Km (Singlemode Fiber)

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