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    Hydrogen As Engine Fuel

    Uploaded by

    Thameem Abbas
    A presentation on how better hydrogen can be over traditional petroleum based products in IC Engines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydrogen As Engine Fuel

    Uploaded by

    Thameem Abbas
    208 views19 pages
    A presentation on how better hydrogen can be over traditional petroleum based products in IC Engines

    Original Title

    Hydrogen as Engine Fuel

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    A presentation on how better hydrogen can be over traditional petroleum based products in IC Engines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    208 views19 pages

    Hydrogen As Engine Fuel

    Uploaded by

    Thameem Abbas
    A presentation on how better hydrogen can be over traditional petroleum based products in IC Engines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that hydrogen has a very high calorific value and produces only water, but requires modifications to engines and high-pressure storage. It can be used directly in engines or through fuel cells.

    Hydrogen can be used directly in engines by replacing gasoline, or in the form of electricity generated by hydrogen fuel cells.

    Modifications required for hydrogen IC engines include hardened valves/seats, stronger connecting rods, non-platinum spark plugs, higher voltage ignition coils, fuel injectors for gas, larger dampeners, and high temperature oil.

    HYDROGEN AS ENGINE

    FUEL
    Thameem Abbas

    Change what we burn

    Hydrogen
    Atomic Number 1
    Mass Number 1,2,3
    Color - Colorless
    General Phase Gas
    Melting Point 13.99 K
    Boiling Point 20.271 K
    Density (STP)-.08988 gL -1
    Density (l) -.07099 g/cm 3
    Calorific Value 593,661 Kcal/Kg

    Why Hydrogen ?

    Hydrogen is light (very light)


    Has a very high calorific value (an order
    of magnitude higher than petrol)
    Produces Water (Steam)
    Requires non usage of platinum spark
    plugs

    Calorific Values of Various


    Fuels
    Petrol

    Coal

    Hydrogen

    KJ/Kg

    141790

    34000
    11300

    Ways to
    Hydrogen
    canuse
    be used
    in either of the ways:
    Hydrogen
    Directly
    In

    burn H2 in the engine in place of gasoline

    the form of electricity from a hydrogen fuel cell

    The

    latter is more commonly used due to its


    convenience
    But

    the former can provide much better results if


    the required modifications are made to the engine

    Fuel Cell

    Fuel cells are a safe


    and more practical
    way to use hydrogen
    as fuel
    But they are not as
    powerful as IC
    engine powered
    vehicles

    Advantages

    High safety
    Zero harmful
    emissions
    Can achieve very
    high efficiency

    Disadvantages

    Hydrogen fuel cells are highly expensive


    due to construction materials
    Require high purity of fuel and oxygen
    Replacement costs can be very high
    Has not penetrated growing markets yet

    Hydrogen IC Engines

    As weird as it sounds,
    hydrogen based IC
    engines do exist
    They have existed
    since 1806
    It was the De Rivaz
    engine

    De Rivaz Engine

    The De Rivaz engine was very primitive.


    It had no timing mechanism but relied on
    manual operation
    Hydrogen was stored in a balloon connected
    by a pie
    Oxygen was supplied to the air inlet
    A Volta cell was used for ignition

    De Rivaz Engine Schematic


    A = Cylinder
    B = Spark Ignition
    C = Piston
    D = Hydrogen Balloon
    E = Ratchet
    F = Inlet and exhaust
    piston
    G = Handle for second
    piston

    Hydrogen IC Engines

    Hydrogen IC engines
    merely replace
    gasoline with
    Hydrogen
    This requires a
    number of
    modifications to be
    made to the engine

    Modifications

    Hardened Valves and Valve seats


    Stronger connecting rods
    Non platinum tipped spark plugs
    Higher Voltage ignition coil
    Fuel injectors designed for gas
    Larger crankshaft dampener
    Stronger head gasket material
    Modified intake manifold
    Positive pressure supercharger
    High temperature Oil

    Modifications

    The cause for the requirement of all


    these modifications is:

    Very high calorific value of hydrogen


    High efficiency burning of hydrogen

    Gaseous phase of Hydrogen

    Chemistry

    The chemistry of the hydrogen engine is


    fairly simple:

    2H2 O2

    2H2O

    But at high temperatures, they do


    produce a small amount of Nox due to
    oxidation of nitrogen in the air(applies
    only for air breathing engines).

    Power Output

    The power output of the modern hydrogen


    internal combustion engine vehicle is 20 % of
    a direct injection gasoline engine
    In hydrogen IC engines , themselves , a
    direct injection engine is 42% more powerful
    than a carburetor fitted engine. This is due to
    higher efficiency of combustion.

    Disadvantages

    Hydrogen cannot be stored as a gas and thus a liquid

    Liquid Hydrogen is not feasible at room temperatures.

    Thus it can merely be stored at high pressure


    This also requires the use of stronger fuel tanks
    Hydrogen is also explosive
    Platinum should be avoided near Hydrogen

    Hydrogen Tank
    Hydrogen
    tank by a
    German
    manufactur
    er

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