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    Radiation From "Half Wave Dipole"

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    07ecedbatch
    The document discusses the radiation patterns of half-wave dipole antennas. It explains that a half-wave dipole antenna consists of two conductive rods of length λ/2 with opposite polarity. The antenna can be modeled as a distribution of current elements, with each element producing its own electric and magnetic fields. The overall radiation pattern is determined by the superposition of these individual element fields accounting for their relative phase shifts due to their positions. Expressions are derived for the far-field E-theta and H-phi patterns of a half-wave dipole in terms of the current and a "space factor" accounting for phase differences between elements. Radiation resistance and power patterns are also discussed.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Radiation From "Half Wave Dipole"

    Uploaded by

    07ecedbatch
    72 views11 pages
    The document discusses the radiation patterns of half-wave dipole antennas. It explains that a half-wave dipole antenna consists of two conductive rods of length λ/2 with opposite polarity. The antenna can be modeled as a distribution of current elements, with each element producing its own electric and magnetic fields. The overall radiation pattern is determined by the superposition of these individual element fields accounting for their relative phase shifts due to their positions. Expressions are derived for the far-field E-theta and H-phi patterns of a half-wave dipole in terms of the current and a "space factor" accounting for phase differences between elements. Radiation resistance and power patterns are also discussed.

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    Half Wave Dipole

    Original Title

    ECE-D Antenna 2

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    The document discusses the radiation patterns of half-wave dipole antennas. It explains that a half-wave dipole antenna consists of two conductive rods of length λ/2 with opposite polarity. The antenna can be modeled as a distribution of current elements, with each element producing its own electric and magnetic fields. The overall radiation pattern is determined by the superposition of these individual element fields accounting for their relative phase shifts due to their positions. Expressions are derived for the far-field E-theta and H-phi patterns of a half-wave dipole in terms of the current and a "space factor" accounting for phase differences between elements. Radiation resistance and power patterns are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    72 views11 pages

    Radiation From "Half Wave Dipole"

    Uploaded by

    07ecedbatch
    The document discusses the radiation patterns of half-wave dipole antennas. It explains that a half-wave dipole antenna consists of two conductive rods of length λ/2 with opposite polarity. The antenna can be modeled as a distribution of current elements, with each element producing its own electric and magnetic fields. The overall radiation pattern is determined by the superposition of these individual element fields accounting for their relative phase shifts due to their positions. Expressions are derived for the far-field E-theta and H-phi patterns of a half-wave dipole in terms of the current and a "space factor" accounting for phase differences between elements. Radiation resistance and power patterns are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Radiation from

    “Half Wave Dipole”


    Half wave dipole
    • It’s the simplest and fundamental
    antenna, has length of Half
    wavelength, ie λ/2.
    • Otherwise called “Dipole antenna”
    or “λ/2 antenna”.
    •
    • Two metal rods or wires have
    physical length of λ/4 with
    opposite polarity will act as
    simple dipole.
    Radiation Fields
    • We already developed the expressions for
    “Current element” or “Unit length
    element”
    • A dipole of length λ/2 can be said as
    continuously distributed current element,
    in other words, A dipole antenna is sub-
    divided into multiple current element.
    • E and H fields of a dipole we can derive
    from current element itself, however
    these multiple current elements will
    create a phase shift between them
    • Such mechanism is modeled as:
    – Total field =(Element Field)×(space factor)
    – This spacer factor will give the phase
    difference concept, it takes a lengthy
    • A dipole antenna is
    placed at origin of
    3-d space
    • At a point p, located a
    (r,θ,φ)
    • From the origin,
    consider a “current
    element” is located
    a height of z’.
    • The field created by
    the current
    element will create
    R = r − z ' cos θ
    a phase shift with
    respect to origin by
    “z’cosθ”
    • Over all phase shift created by all “current
    element” is referred as “Spacer factor”
       kl   kl  
     cos cos θ  − cos 
     2   2 
     Spacer factor = 
     sin θ 
     
      

    • So the total field can be expressed as


    – Total field =(Element Field) × (space factor)

       kl   kl  
    − jkr  cos cos θ  − cos 
    Ioe  2   2 
    E θ ≈ jη 
    2πr  sin θ 
      These equations are approximated
      for “Far-Field conditions”

      kl   kl  
    d by single current element  cos cos θ  − cos 
    I o e − jkr  2   2 
    Hφ ≈ j 
    2πr  sin θ 
     
     
    Power density, Radiation
    density

    Power
    density

    Radiatio
    n
    density
    For dipole: l=λ/2
     π   π 
     cos cos θ   cos cos θ 
    I o e − jkr  2  I o e − jkr  2 
    E θ ≈ jη  Hφ ≈ j 
    2πr  sin θ  2πr  sin θ 
       
       
    Radiated power density, Radiation
    resistance
    Total radiated power

    Cin (2π ) ≈ 2.435

    Radiation
    resistance Appr. 75Ω will match the 50Ω
    Line to air medium, for this reason
    λ/2 dipole antenna
    become much famous
    l>λ/2

    • While antenna length is greater than λ/2, the


    “Spacer factor” changes and creating
    “construction and destructions”

    For l=1.25λ
    Constructions
    destructions

    Side lob
    l>>λ/2, for example: 2λ or 5λ
    Assignment-1
    • Should be in “IEEE format”
    • Clear Reference
    • Plagiarism
    • “Intro + Literature” 3marks
    • “Road map”2marks
    • “Conclusion”4marks
    • Earlier submission(before Feb-5) 1mark.
    •
    • Two Quizzes 10 marks. First quiz on “28-01-2010”.
    “Propagation mechanism + Radiation Mechanism”
    •
    • Last date: Fab 12, 5.30pm.
    • [email protected]

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