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    The Late Middle Ages: A Period of Crisis

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    The late Middle Ages saw a period of major crises including food shortages, the bubonic plague, political instability, and a loss of power and authority of the Catholic Church. The Black Death pandemic killed over a third of Europe's population. The Hundred Years' War between England and France led to tremendous debt and turmoil. These crises laid the foundations for the cultural, intellectual, and economic changes of the Renaissance by weakening feudal systems, creating new social and economic opportunities, and encouraging questioning of established authorities like the Church.

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    The Late Middle Ages: A Period of Crisis

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    The late Middle Ages saw a period of major crises including food shortages, the bubonic plague, political instability, and a loss of power and authority of the Catholic Church. The Black Death pandemic killed over a third of Europe's population. The Hundred Years' War between England and France led to tremendous debt and turmoil. These crises laid the foundations for the cultural, intellectual, and economic changes of the Renaissance by weakening feudal systems, creating new social and economic opportunities, and encouraging questioning of established authorities like the Church.

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    The late Middle Ages saw a period of major crises including food shortages, the bubonic plague, political instability, and a loss of power and authority of the Catholic Church. The Black Death pandemic killed over a third of Europe's population. The Hundred Years' War between England and France led to tremendous debt and turmoil. These crises laid the foundations for the cultural, intellectual, and economic changes of the Renaissance by weakening feudal systems, creating new social and economic opportunities, and encouraging questioning of established authorities like the Church.

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    44 views41 pages

    The Late Middle Ages: A Period of Crisis

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    The late Middle Ages saw a period of major crises including food shortages, the bubonic plague, political instability, and a loss of power and authority of the Catholic Church. The Black Death pandemic killed over a third of Europe's population. The Hundred Years' War between England and France led to tremendous debt and turmoil. These crises laid the foundations for the cultural, intellectual, and economic changes of the Renaissance by weakening feudal systems, creating new social and economic opportunities, and encouraging questioning of established authorities like the Church.

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    of 41

    The Late Middle

    Ages
    A Period of Crisis

    The late Middle Ages experienced a


    series of crises that laid the
    foundation for the beginning of a
    renaissance across Europe

    Four major areas of crisis

    Food crisis- decline in agricultural production in some


    parts of Europe poor harvests/ famine
    Crisis in the Roman Catholic Church- The Church
    struggled to maintain its power and authority in Europe

    Health crisis - the spread of the bubonic plague

    The Babylonian Captivity


    Black Death

    Political crisis - England and France fought over


    territory and political dominance on the continent

    The Hundred Years War

    Agricultural Crisis

    Periods of severe weather


    Crop damage and poor harvests
    Famine in some areas of Europe
    Disease and epidemics poor nutrition
    Depopulation in some regions
    Unstable trade and economic development

    The Black Death

    Arrived in Italy in 1347


    Quickly spread across Europe

    (followed the traditional trade routes)

    Disease was transmitted by fleas (living on rats)


    Over 1/3 of Europes population died
    Many believed that the disease was caused by bad
    air
    Some thought it was the wrath of God
    Others blamed the Jews

    The Plague Doctor

    Religious radicals- the flagellants


    sought to appease an angry God through self sacrifice
    physical acts of penance

    Macabre art reflected a profound pessimism and


    preoccupation with death

    Impact of the Black Death

    Labor shortages fewer workers


    Decline in production inflation- rise in prices
    New job opportunities for those who survived
    Feudalism began to decline as new social and
    economic opportunities arose
    Growing Anti-Semitism many blamed the Jews
    Pessimism and fatalism (macabre art)

    The Hundred Years War 1337-1453

    Conflict between England and France


    Struggle over territory in France
    French confiscated the English holding of Aquitaine
    Dispute over who could lay claim to the French monarchy
    English king claimed to be the rightful king of France
    The English had several early victories
    Agincourt

    Joan of Arc led the French forces to victory


    and was later captured and accused of being a
    witch by the English- executed
    England eventually lost the war and any claim
    to territory on the continent
    The war created tremendous debt and political
    turmoil in France and England
    Growth of nationalism

    Joan of Arc

    The Decline in the Power and Prestige of


    the Roman Catholic Church and Papacy

    The Babylonian Captivity (1309-1376)


    Papacy was moved to Avignon, France
    Came under the control of the French
    monarchy
    Papacy was restored to Rome in 1377 by
    the reforming Pope Urban VI

    The papal court at Avignon, France

    Pope Urban VI returned the papacy to


    Rome.

    The Great Schism 1378-1417


    Conflicts in the Church continued
    Disunity and divisions caused many to
    question Church authority

    Who was the rightful pope?

    The division served to highlight the growing


    decline in the power and prestige of the
    Church

    The Conciliar Movement

    Some argued that the Church would be best served if


    the pope shared authority with a general
    council. representing the Christian community
    Some challenged the authority of the Church over the
    state declaring that the Church was subordinate to the
    state and political authority
    This policy was ultimately rejected after a long
    period of internal conflicts and divisions

    Conciliar Movement

    Divisions also arose over who rightly held the papacy


    Disunity and infighting led to the election of three
    different popes- each claiming the title and each
    refusing to step down
    The German Holy Roman Emperor finally resolved
    the issue by organizing the Council of Constance
    which elected a new pope

    The Council condemned and executed the Bohemian political


    and religious reformer, John Hus

    Council of Constance 1414-1418

    Early Church Reformers


    John Wycliffe, in England, challenged the
    scriptural foundations of the popes temporal
    power
    Wycliffe also argued that everyone should read
    the Bible for himself/herself

    Vernacular translations of the Bible emerged


    First English translation of the scriptures

    John Wycliffe 1330-1384- Early


    English reformer

    Wyclif- first English translation of Scripture

    John Hus Bohemian (Czech) political


    and religious reformer martyred in Prague.

    The impact of the crises of the Late Middle


    Ages and the rise of the Renaissance

    New economic and social opportunities

    Economic growth

    decline of feudalism

    expansion of trade and business- banking

    Growth of the middle class


    Growing interest in expanding knowledge and
    learning
    Greater willingness to challenge and question the
    power and authority of the Church
    Anti-Semitism continued

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