IBM Global Services
ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
Overview of ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
|
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to :
Describe the features and advantages of ALV.
Describe the different function modules that should be used to properly produce a report
output in ALV.
Create simple ALV reports.
Format the layout of the ALV reports.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV (ABAP List Viewer)
ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool
as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive
report.
SAP provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules, which can
be put into use to embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions are
used to enhance the readability and functionality of any report output.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Advantages of ALV
Looks better.
User friendly
Filtering / Sorting
Layout Change / Save
Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail
Data can be open for input / change etc.
Better Event handling
Width of more than 256 characters possible
Programming overhead of mentioning exact positions in write statements not
needed.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Features
Email
Change
Layout
Download to
Excel
Filtering
Sorting
Column
Heading
Row(s)
Selection
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Features (Contd.)
Display
Graphics
Fields
Open For
Input
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Programming
Three Approaches
Conventional (Using SAP Standard Function Modules).
Object Oriented (Using SAP Standard Classes and Methods).
Object model ( Using CL_SALV* classes ).
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Common ALV functions
The commonly used ALV function modules are:
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4
REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE
REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET
REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Major Steps to construct an ALV Report
Step 1 : Data Declaration.
Step 2 : Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default Variant).
Optional : Used only if report layout is maintained through variant management.
Step 3 : Defining output characteristics: Preparing display Field-catalog,
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE : this function Module is required to build the
field catalog.
Step 4 : Build a table for Events, which are used for firing both user commands
and the system dependent events i.e. top of page, end of page etc.
Optional : Required if the report has custom buttons, interactive properties etc or you
need to display something at the top of page or end of page sections.
Continued to next slide
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Major Steps to construct an ALV Report (Contd.)
Step 5 : Build the Layout for report display.
Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report output.
Optional : Required only if you need to display selection screen values in the report
output.
Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.
Optional : Required when sorting and/or subtotaling is required for some columns in
the report output.
Step 8 : Prepare the final internal table that needs to be passed to the ALV
function module and display report output, using the following ALV functions
modules:
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
Or
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
10
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 1: Data Declaration
SAP Standard type pools: SLIS , KKBLO .
SAP Standard tables types taken from the type pools are:
SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV ,
SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV,
SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,
SLIS_T_EVENT,
SLIS_SELFIELD.
Internal tables to be used in the program declared based on the above table
types:
DATA:
I_LAYOUT TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,
I_FIELDTAB TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV,
I_HEADING TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,
I_EVENTS TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT.
TYPES: KKBLO_SELFIELD TYPE SLIS_SELFIELD.
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 2: Selecting the Variant for initial list display (Default
Variant).
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_DEFAULT_GET'
* EXPORTING
I_SAVE
specific )
= Variant save condition ( A=all, U = user-
CHANGING
cs_variant
( and the
= Internal table containing the program name
default variant: Optional )
* EXCEPTIONS
* WRONG_INPUT
=1
* NOT_FOUND
=2
* PROGRAM_ERROR
=3
* OTHERS
= 4.
12
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_F4'
EXPORTING
is_variant
* I_TABNAME_HEADER
* I_TABNAME_ITEM
* IT_DEFAULT_FIELDCAT
* I_SAVE
=''
* I_DISPLAY_VIA_GRID
=''
* IMPORTING
* E_EXIT
* ES_VARIANT
* EXCEPTIONS
* NOT_FOUND
=1
* PROGRAM_ERROR
=2
* OTHERS
= 3.
13
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Function Modules : REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_VARIANT_EXISTENCE'
* EXPORTING
* I_SAVE
=''
CHANGING
cs_variant
* EXCEPTIONS
* WRONG_INPUT
* NOT_FOUND
=1
=2
* PROGRAM_ERROR
* OTHERS
14
=3
= 4.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 3: Defining output characteristics: preparing display
Field-catalog
A field catalog is prepared using the internal table (I_FIELDCAT) of type
SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
The field catalog for the output table is built-up in the caller's coding. The build-up
can be completely or partially automated by calling the
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE module.
Step 3 continued .
15
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 3: Defining output characteristics: preparing display
Field-catalog (Contd.)
A field catalog is prepared using the internal table (I_FIELDCAT) of type
SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV.
The field catalog for the output table is built-up in the caller's coding. The build-up
can be completely or partially automated by calling the
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE module.
16
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog
All the values entered in the catalog is specific to the particular field whose name
is entered in the field FIELDNAME of the field catalog structure. The name of the
table is also entered in the corresponding Fieldname TABNAME of the structure.
Some important attributes that can be defined for a field are:
Col_pos (column position)
Fieldname (field name)
Tabname (internal output table)
Ref_fieldname (reference field name)
Ref_tabname (reference table/structure field name
Link to currency unit
Cfieldname (currency unit field name)
Ctabname (internal currency unit field output table)
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)
Link to measurement unit
Qfieldname (measurement unit field name)
Qtabname (internal measurement unit field output table)
Outputlen (column width)
Key (key column)
No_out (field in field list)
Emphasize (highlight columns in color)
Hotspot (column as hotspot)
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Specifying attributes for fields in Field Catalog (Contd.)
Fix_column (fix column)
Do_sum (sum over column)
No_sum (sums forbidden)
Icon
Just (justification)
Lzero (leading zeros)
No_sign (no +/- sign)
Edit_mask (field formatting)
The following parameters are used for customizing the texts in the heading of the output
of the columns.
Seltext_l (long field label)
Seltext_m (medium field label)
Seltext_s (short field label)
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 4: Build a table for Events
*Internal Table needed for events
DATA: i_events TYPE slis_t_event.
*Calling Function module to populate table with possible events
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'
EXPORTING
i_list_type = 0
IMPORTING
et_events
= i_events
EXCEPTIONS
list_type_wrong = 1
OTHERS
= 2.
SORT i_events BY name.
Continued to next page
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 4: Build a table for Events (Contd.)
SORT i_events BY name.
*Reading events table
READ TABLE i_events into wa_events
WITH KEY name = 'TOP_OF_PAGE' BINARY SEARCH.
IF sy-subrc IS INITIAL.
*Assign event name to variable
MOVE 'TOP_OF_PAGE' TO wa_events-form.
MODIFY i_events from wa_events INDEX sy-tabix.
ENDIF.
form TOP_OF_PAGE
call function 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
exporting
it_list_commentary = heading[]
exceptions
others = 1.
endform.
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 5: Build the Layout for report display
A layout is build for the report output description USING the internal table for
Layout (I_LAYOUT).
The layout parameters are described under the following heads:
Display options
Exceptions
Totals
Interaction
Detail screen
Color
Other
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Preparing the Layout (Contd.)
DATA: st_layout TYPE slis_layout_alv, " ALV Layout
st_layout-box_fieldname
= 'BOX'.
st_layout-get_selinfos
= 'X'.
st_layout-colwidth_optimize = 'X'.
st_layout-no_keyfix
= 'X'.
23
" Box Fieldname
" Get info of select records
" To optimize coloumn width
" To scroll Key fields
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 6 : Get the Selection Screen information in the report
output.
For this you need to set the parameter LAYOUT-GET_SELINFOS of the Layout
structure
If the calling program is a report with an ABAP/4 selection screen, setting this
parameter makes ALV read the selection screen again. If the selections are read
successfully, a pushbutton, via which the user can call a popup which lists the
report selections in a simple form, becomes active on the results list output by
ALV.
24
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 7 : Specify the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list.
The Table IT_SORT is populated with the sort criteria for the different fields.
The caller specifies the Sorting and/or Subtotaling of the basic list in the internal
table IT_SORT.
This internal table has the following fields:
spos : Sort sequence
fieldname : Internal output table field name
tabname : Only relevant for hierarchical-sequential lists. Name of the internal output
table.
up : 'X' = sort in ascending order
down : 'X' = sort in descending order
subtot : 'X' = subtotal at group value change
group : '* ' = new page at group value change ,'UL' = underline at group value change
25
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Step 8 : Display the Report output
Finally display report output, using the following ALV functions modules:
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
OR
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Display ALV List
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM = WS_REPNAME
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
= Internal output table field name
IS_LAYOUT
= I_LAYOUT
IT_FIELDCAT
= I_FIELDTAB
I_DEFAULT
= 'A'
I_SAVE
= 'A'
IS_VARIANT
= 'X'
IT_EVENTS
= I_EVENTS[]
IT_SORT
= I_SORT
IS_SEL_HIDE
= I_SELINFO
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
= Internal output table field name.
27
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
ALV Function Modules : Important Parameters
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM
E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER
I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND
ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
IS_LAYOUT
IT_FIELDCAT
IT_EXCLUDING
IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS
IT_SORT
IT_FILTER
IS_SEL_HIDE
I_DEFAULT
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
EXPORTING
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
IMPORTING
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
I_SAVE
IS_VARIANT
IS_PRINT
28
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough : REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_LIST NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING.
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SFLIGHT.
* Selection
SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT.
* Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
= 'SFLIGHT'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
29
= I_SFLIGHT.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Result: REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
30
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
31
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creation of a simple ALV list report using the function module
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY.
32
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough: REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
REPORT Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID .
* Data to be displayed
DATA: I_SFLIGHT TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF SFLIGHT.
* Selection
SELECT * FROM SFLIGHT INTO TABLE I_SFLIGHT.
* Call ABAP List Viewer (ALV)
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
= 'SFLIGHT'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
33
= I_SFLIGHT.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Result : REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
34
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
35
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Create a simple ALV grid report using the function module
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
36
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough:
Including Title in the Report for GRID DISPLAY
Title
In the PARAMETERS give
I_GRID_TITLE = 'Flight Information and Call the function
'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
37
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough:
Using FIELDCAT to Position Columns
DATA: i_fcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv,
wa_fcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv.
wa_fcat-tabname = 'I_SFLIGHT'.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '1'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CARRID'.
append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '2'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'FLDATE'.
append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '3'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CONNID'.
append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'CURRENCY'.
wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'.
wa_fcat-cfieldname = CURRENCY.
Wa_fcat-ctabname = SFLIGHT.
APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PLANETYPE'.
wa_fcat-no_out = 'X'.
APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
In the function module pass :
IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat
wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'.
APPEND wa_fcat TO i_fcat.
38
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Result :
PRICE
CONNID
FLDATE
CARRID
39
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
40
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by populating the field catalog table, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
41
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough:
Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV
1. Go to Transaction SE41(Menu Painter).
2. Give the Program as SAPLKKBL and the Status as STANDARD.
3. Now copy the STANDARD status of the Program SAPLKKBL to a customized
status YALVGRID for Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID.
4. Go to the Program Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID and create a Subroutine
SET_PF_STATUS using rt_extab TYPE SLIS_T_EXTAB for setting the
standard ALV PF-STATUS to the customized PF-STATUS YALVGRID.
FORM set_pf_status USING
p_rt_extab TYPE slis_t_extab.
SET PF-STATUS 'YALVGRID'.
ENDFORM.
42
" set_pf_status
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough:
Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
43
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough:
Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
Call the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY as:
CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
EXPORTING
I_STRUCTURE_NAME
= 'SFLIGHT'
I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM
= 'Y_DEMO_ALV_GRID'
I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET = 'SET_PF_STATUS'
IT_FIELDCAT = i_fcat
I_GRID_TITLE
= 'Flight Information'
TABLES
T_OUTTAB
44
= I_SFLIGHT.
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Result : Changing the Default Status Bar of ALV (Contd.)
Custom Button
for adding extra
functionality
45
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
46
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by changing the default status bar, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
47
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough : Adding Function Codes
Create a Subroutine user_command USING v_ucomm TYPE sy-ucomm
v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.
Form user_command USING v_ucomm TYPE sy-ucomm
v_selfield TYPE slis_selfield
CASE v_ucomm.
WHEN BACK
*when back button is pressed leave list
LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING.
ENDCASE.
ENDFORM.
During the Call to the function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY, add
another parameter I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND =
USER_COMMAND'.
48
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Simple Program Walkthrough : Make some fields Editable
Make the field PRICE editable by updating the field catalog.
wa_fcat-col_pos = '4'.
wa_fcat-fieldname = 'PRICE'.
wa_fcat-edit = 'X'.
To make PRICE
field editable
append wa_fcat to i_fcat.
clear wa_fcat.
49
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Result : Field Editable
50
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
51
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Practice
Creating a simple ALV report by making one of its column editable, using the
function module REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY.
52
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Summary
ABAP List Viewer (ALV) is a simple, user friendly and better looking reporting tool
as compared to the usage of write statements in a conventional / interactive
report.
ALV report has several inbuilt User Friendly properties as:
Filtering / Sorting
Layout Change / Save
Summation, Download to excel, E-Mail
Data can be open for input / change etc.
The main ALV Function Modules are:
REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOG_MERGE
Status STANDARD of the main program SAPLKKBL is copied and then changed
to create a new customized GUI status for any ALV report.
53
Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Questions
What is ALV ?
What are the main differences between an ALV report and a classical report?
What are the main function modules used to create an ALV List?
What are the main differences between ALV list and ALV grid?
What are the different ways to populate the FIELD CATALOG table?
How can we change the default status bar of an ALV List?
How can we handle custom function code in ALV ?
How can we make a certain columns of an ALV list editable?
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Overview of ABAP List View
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
