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Introduction To Control: By: Dr. Talal Mandourah

1) The document introduces engineering process control (EPC), which applies input to cause a system variable to conform to a desired reference value. EPC uses a control function and actuator to minimize error between the controlled variable and reference. 2) Block diagrams are used to represent EPC systems, with elements shown through transfer functions or state space representations. Open and closed loop responses are also introduced. 3) EPC methodology includes modeling the system, designing a control algorithm, and required analysis to satisfy performance specifications and predict responses. PID controllers are commonly used due to their simplicity and effectiveness for many systems.

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MamdouhAlhanafy
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95 views

Introduction To Control: By: Dr. Talal Mandourah

1) The document introduces engineering process control (EPC), which applies input to cause a system variable to conform to a desired reference value. EPC uses a control function and actuator to minimize error between the controlled variable and reference. 2) Block diagrams are used to represent EPC systems, with elements shown through transfer functions or state space representations. Open and closed loop responses are also introduced. 3) EPC methodology includes modeling the system, designing a control algorithm, and required analysis to satisfy performance specifications and predict responses. PID controllers are commonly used due to their simplicity and effectiveness for many systems.

Uploaded by

MamdouhAlhanafy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

INTRODUCTION TO
CONTROL

By: Dr. Talal Mandourah

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

What is Engineering Process


?Control (EPC)
EPC: Applying input to cause system variable to conform to desired value
called reference
Controlled System

Control
Control
function
Actuator

control
input

Actuator

Manipulated variable

Measurement

Controlled variable

error

reference
2

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

EPC Representation

Block diagram: A pictorial tool to represent a system


Elements are represented in Transfer functions or state space representations
3

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

?What is Open Loop Response

Transfer function: is the relationship between the input


to the output of the systems in algebraic form

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

? What is Close Loop Response

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

EPC Methodology
Modeling
Analytical
System IDs

Dynamic model
Mp= 0

Design of
controller

Control algorithm
Satisfy

ess = 0

ys

Required
analysis

ts, tr, tp

time(s)

Performance Specifications

Why EPC
Systematic theoretical approach for analysis and design
Predict system response and stability to input
Note: the adjustment is carried out on every observation with no substantial cost
6

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

Examples
Cruise system

Open loop
Engine

Control
Algorithm

Desired
speed

Road
grade
Automobile

Speed

Speedometer

Close loop

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

Controlled variable

?What are Step Response Elements


tp
SS error

Overshoot

Transient state
tr

Steady state

Settling time ts

time

Steady state response : the final value of the step response


.Raise time tr : the time the step response reaches 90% of the steady state
Overshoot, Mp: The maximum amount by which the step response exceed the
.final value
Settling time ts: is the time at which the step response enter the final value

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

?What is PID controller


It is simple and works well with many systems
P control: may not have non-zero steady state
I control: improve steady state error
D control: may improve stability and transient response
PI: steady state, PD: damping transient state

Controlled variable

tp

Overshoot

Transient state
tr

Settling time ts

SS error

Steady state
time
//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

!!!Controller Design
(PID) control:
Proportional: C(s)= K
Integral: C(s) = KKi/ s
Derivative: C(s) = KKd s

10

//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

What meant by Performance


?Specifications
Desired:
Stable system
Good transient state, ts, tr, tp
Good steady state, minimum ss error
Minimum overshoot

Mp

ess

ys

ts , t r , t p
11

time(s)
//

Dr. Talal Mandourah

Introduction to Control

What Meant by Control


?Optimization & Stability

We say that the controller is optimum if we know a value thatgives the best output

12

We say that the system is stable if any bounded inputproduces bounded output for all bounded initial conditions
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