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Superstructure Construction

1. Superstructure construction includes building parts above ground level like columns, beams, floors, walls and roofs made of materials like timber, steel and concrete. 2. Frame structures are constructed using timber, reinforced concrete, or reinforced steel. Timber floors consist of wood planks supported by joists. Reinforced concrete uses formwork to pour concrete around reinforcing steel bars. 3. Load bearing walls support loads and transfer them to foundations, while non-load bearing walls only support their own weight between structural elements like beams and columns.

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987 views18 pages

Superstructure Construction

1. Superstructure construction includes building parts above ground level like columns, beams, floors, walls and roofs made of materials like timber, steel and concrete. 2. Frame structures are constructed using timber, reinforced concrete, or reinforced steel. Timber floors consist of wood planks supported by joists. Reinforced concrete uses formwork to pour concrete around reinforcing steel bars. 3. Load bearing walls support loads and transfer them to foundations, while non-load bearing walls only support their own weight between structural elements like beams and columns.

Uploaded by

ashish
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUPERSTRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. List superstructure construction.
2. Describe the methods of superstructure
construction.

SUPERSTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
Superstructure building parts
located above the ground level such
as column, beam, floor, wall and
roof.
Materials - timber, steel and
concrete.

Frame Structure Construction


Timber
Frame

Floor

Wall

Roof

Frame Structure Construction


Reinforced
Concrete
Frame
Column
& Beam
Construction

Formwork
Design

Reinforced
Steel Bar
Construction

Concrete
Pouring

Formwork
stripping

A) Timber Floor
i) Floor

Timber floor consist of plank


of wood with 25mm
thickness which is supported
by joist with size of 50mm x
75mm to 100mm.
Distance for joist is between
300mm x 600mm from
centre to centre.

i) Floor
Strutting installed between joist.
Purpose to prevent the joist from twisting.

i) Floor

All joist are arranged on timber beam.


Timber beam should be bigger than timber joist.

A) Timber Frame
ii) Wall

Pieces of planks are used to constructed a wooden wall by nailing


on timber wall structure.

A) Timber Frame
iii) Roof

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

i.
ii.

Factors that influenced roof structure design:


Span distance.
Types of roof cover.
Roof cover load and weather load.
Cost.
Aesthetic value.
Main characteristics of timber roof structure:
Enough strength to support the cover load and external load
such as rain and storm.
All the frame parts consist o treated hard timber.

Types of roof structure from timber

B) Reinforced Concrete Frame


Column and beam construction

Concrete column formwork

Concrete beam formwork

Beam is a part of a building which sustains load and transfer it to


column.
The column then transfer all its load to the building foundation.

Procedures for column and beam construction


1.

Formwork design

Formwork construction for


concrete column

Formwork construction for


concrete beam

Concrete formwork purpose is to place and form concrete mixture


according to prescribed size and design.
It is a temporary building structure which needs to be opened when
the concrete inside hardens

Procedures for column and beam construction


2.

Reinforcement steel bars installation

Procedures for column and beam construction


3.

Concrete pouring

Procedures for column and beam construction


4.

Formwork stripping
FORMWORK PART

FORMWORK STRIPPING DURATION

Stripping side parts of beam and


column formwork.

2 6 DAYS

Stripping bottom parts, beam


support and other unloading parts

7 14 DAYS

Stripping bottom parts beam


support and other loading parts

28 DAYS

EXAMPLE OF FORMWORK STRIPPING

Load Bearing Wall Construction


Load bearing wall is constructed in
order to support load other than
its own.
Wall will support all loads before
transferring them to the
foundation.
The wall thickness is normally not
less than one brick or 215 mm.

Example of load bearing wall

This wall also uses reinforcement


steel bars or is combined with
column to strengthen its position.

Load Bearing Wall Construction


Non-load bearing wall is the wall
which does not support other load
except its own.
This wall is constructed on
building which has frames such as
column and concrete beam.
The wall thickness is sufficient
with only half a brick or 102.5 mm
and is normally constructed with a
stretcher bond.
Example of nonload bearing
wall

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