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Hand Tools

The document discusses different hand tools used in mechanical engineering. It identifies several types of marking out tools, spanners/wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, and pipe wrenches. For each tool, it describes the various types, how to identify sizes, proper use, and safety considerations. The objectives are to learn to identify different tools, select the appropriate one for tasks, and safely use hand tools in mechanical work.

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Ashwani Kanina
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2K views29 pages

Hand Tools

The document discusses different hand tools used in mechanical engineering. It identifies several types of marking out tools, spanners/wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, and pipe wrenches. For each tool, it describes the various types, how to identify sizes, proper use, and safety considerations. The objectives are to learn to identify different tools, select the appropriate one for tasks, and safely use hand tools in mechanical work.

Uploaded by

Ashwani Kanina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE OBJECTIVES
After the completion of this module, student should be able to:

Identify different marking out tools and their usage.

Select the appropriate tool required for marking out.

Mark out work-pieces according to the dimensions given in engineering


drawings.

Distinguish the different hand tools and their uses.

Select the correct tool for the task.

State the care and safe use of hand tools.

3.4 INTRODUCTION TO HAND TOOLS

The mechanical engineer very often have to use a


number of various hand tools in the course of his
duties as a fitter or machinist, many of these tools are
common to both.

1- SPANNERS/ WRENCHES
The two words spanner (in British English) and
wrench (in American English) refer to the

same tool.

Spanners/Wrenches are different in shape to provide


ease of operation under certain conditions.
They are manufactured from
alloy steel.

high tensile or

The sizes of metric spanners are identified by the


distance across flats of a nut or bolt head

The sizes of metric spanners are identified by the


distance across flats of a nut or bolt head

S=24 mm

SPANNER TYPES
1-1 OPEN-ENDED SPANNERS
The ends of this type of spanners are generally oriented
at an angle of 15 to the longitudinal axis of the
handle to allow greater range of movement
in enclosed spaces.
An open-end wrench has two different sizes; one at each
end.

1-2 RING SPANNERS


Ring spanners or box-end wrenches are recommended
to be used when a better grip is needed and
when the spanner swing is restricted.

A box-end wrench has two different sizes; one at each


end.

1-3 COMBINATION SPANNERS


This type comes with an open end from one side and a
ring end from the other side .
Usually both ends are having the same size

1-4 ADJUSTABLE SPANNERS


Adjustable spanners are spanners that have a
moving jaw to fit different bolt/nut sizes

An adjustable wrench is often used where the exact


size wrench is not available or when a large nut, such
as a wheel spindle nut, needs to be rotated but not
tightened.
Adjustable wrenches are sized by the overall length of
the wrench and not by how far the jaws open.

ACCIDENTS PREVENTION WHEN


USING WRENCHES
When working with spanners, accidents are usually
caused by the slipping of a spanner from a nut or bolt
head.
In order to avoid these accidents, the following
recommendations should be considered

1- Use the correct size spanner for the job.


2- Pull towards the body whenever possible.
3- Do not obtain extra leverage by using pieces of
pipe.
4- Use a steady pull not a jerking action.
5- Do not hit a spanner with a hammer.
6- Make sure your hands will not strike any
obstructions.

TREAT ADJUSTABLE SPANNERS GENTLY

2- ALLEN KEYS
They are referred to as Allen keys and sometimes
Allen wrenches.
Allen keys are used on grub screws and socket head
cap screws
The size of Allen keys is almost like spanners
measured across flats.

Allen Keys

Grub screw

Socket head cap screw

3- SCREWDRIVERS
Screwdrivers are made in different lengths and designs,
the two most common are:
Flathead/slotted

Crosshead/Phillips

The flathead is identified by its


cases by the blade width.

length and in some

crosshead screwdriver is identified by its point


size.

The

Always use the correct size screwdriver for the screw


head; the blade should fit the width of the screw
head.

4- PLIERS
Pliers are a hand tool used to hold objects firmly,
or for cutting and bending tough materials such as
wires.
There are different types that can deal with different
types of jobs

Flat nose pliers

Long nose pliers

Combination pliers

Circlip pliers

4-1 LONG NOSE PLIERS


Long nose pliers are both cutting and gripping pliers
used by electricians and other tradesmen to bend, reposition and cut wire.

4-2 COMBINATION PLIERS


These pliers incorporate side cutters, joint cutters and
pipe grip.

4-3 CIRCLIP PLIERS


Circlips are retaining devices
They are fitted inside a groove on bores and shafts
The internal circlip has to be squeezed to be removed

The external circlip which is fitted onto a shaft has to


be opened out to be removed

The nose of the circlip plier is either straight or bent


depending on the type of job.

5- PIPE WRENCH
A pipe wrench is designed to tighten its grip on the part
being rotated.
It has serrated jaws that leave marks on the part and so
it might damage the surface of the part.
Accordingly, pipe wrenches must not be used to loosen a
nut, unless the nut is to be replaced.

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