Series-Resonant Inverter
Operation
T1 fired, resonant pulse of current
flows through the load. The current
falls to zero at t = t1m and T1 is self
commutated.
T2 fired, reverse resonant current
flows through the load and T2 is also
self-commutated.
The series resonant circuit must be
underdamped,
R2 < (4L/C)
Operation in Mode 1 Fire T1
di1
1
L
Ri1 i1dt vC (0) VS
dt
C
i1 (0) 0
vC (0) VC
i1 (t ) A1e
R
t
2L
sin r t
1
2
1
R2
r
2
LC 4 L
Vs Vc
di1
A1
dt t 0
r L
Vs Vc t
i1 (t )
e sin r t
r L
R
2L
To find the time when the current is
maximum, set the first derivative = 0
di1
0
dt
Vs Vc
t
t
e
sin
e
cos r t 0
r
r
r L
.....
r
tan r tm
1 r t m
tan
r t m
1
1 r
tm
tan
r
2
To find the capacitor voltage, integrate the
current
t
1
vC1 (t ) i1 (t )dt Vc
C0
1 Vs Vc
t
vC1 (t )
e
sin r t dt VC
C 0 r L
...
t
vC1 (t ) (Vs VC )e t ( sin r t r cos r t ) / r Vs
0 t t1m ( )
r
The current i1 becomes = 0 @ t=t1m
vC1 (t1m ) VC1 Vs VC e
Vs
Operation in Mode 2 T1, T2 Both OFF
i2 (t ) 0
vC2 (t ) VC1
vC2 (t2m ) VC2 VC1
t2m
Operation in Mode 3 Fire T2
di3
1
L
Ri3 i3dt vC3 (0) 0
dt
C
i3 (0) 0
vC3 (0) VC2 VC1
i3 (t )
VC1
r L
sin r t
1
vC3 (t ) i3dt VC1
C0
vC3 (t )
VC1 e t ( sin r t r cos r t )
0 t t3m ( )
r
vC3 (t3m ) VC3 VC VC1 e
vC1 (t1m ) VC1 (VS VC )e
.
.
1
VC VS z
e 1
ez
VC1 VS z
e 1
VC VS VC1
VS
Summary -- Series Resonant Inverter
To avoid a short-circuit across the main dc supply, T1
must be turned OFF before T2 is turned ON,
resulting in a dead zone.
This off-time must be
longer than the turn-off
time of the thyristors, tq.
toff tq
0 r
The maximum possible
output frequency is
f 0 f max
2 tq
r
Series Resonant Inverter
Coupled Inductors
Improvement in performance
When T1 turned ON,
voltage @ L1 is as
shown, voltage @ L2
in same direction,
adding to the voltage
@C
This turns T2 OFF
before the load
current falls to 0.
Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter
Note:
L1 = L2
C1 = C2
This configuration reduces the high-pulsed
current from the dc supply
Power drawn from the
source during both
half-cycles of the
output.
Half of the current is
supplied from the
associated capacitor,
half of the current is
supplied from the
source.
Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Inverter
Characteristics of the
full-bridge inverter
This configuration
provides higher
output power.
Either T1-T2 or T3-T4
are fired.
Supply current is
continuous but
pulsating.
Example 8.1 Analysis of the
Basic Resonant Inverter
L1 = L2 = L = 50H
C = 6F
R = 2
Vs = 220V
fo = 7kHz
tq = 10s
Determine the resonant frequency
1
2
1
R2
1012 22 10 12
r
2
2
LC
4
L
50
6
4
50
1
2
54,160rad / s
The resonant frequency in Hz
r
fr
8619.8 Hz
2
1
Tr 116 s
fr
R
2
20, 000
6
2 L (2 50 10 )
Determine the turn-off time toff
toff
toff
toff
0 r
43,982 54,160
13.42 s
Determine the maximum permissible
frequency
f max
f max
f max
2 tq
r
6
2 10 10
54,160
7352 Hz
Determine the peak-to-peak capacitor
voltage
VC
Vs
220
20
54.16
100.4V
e
e
VC1 Vs VC 220 100.4 320.4V
V pp VC VC1 100.4 320.4 420.8V
Determine the peak load current
Vs VC tm
i1 (t tm )
e
sin r tm i1max
r L
1
1 r
tm
tan
r
1
1 54.16
tm
tan
22.47 s
54,160
20
220 100.4 (0.02)(22.47)
i1max
e
sin(54,160 22.47 10 6 )
0.05416 50
i1max 70.82 A
Sketch the instantaneous load current,
capacitor voltage, and dc supply current
Calculate the rms load current
1 2
1 2
I o i1 (t )dt i3 (t )dt
T 0
T 0
I o 44.1A
I 2fi dt
58 s
1
2
Using MATHCAD,
58 10
06
2 7000
320.4 exp ( 20000 t) sin ( 54160 t) d t
06
54160 50 10
Io = 44.1Amperes
44.091
Determine the output power
Po I R 44.1 (2)
2
o
Po 3,889W
Determine the average supply current
Po
Is
V
3,889W
Is
17.68 A
220V
Determine the average, peak, and rms
thyristor currents
T
2
1
I A io (t )dt 17.68 A
T 0
I p 70.82 A
44.1A
IR
31.18 A
2
rms Thyristor Current
Using MATHCAD
58 10
06
7000
320.4 exp ( 20000 t) sin ( 54160 t) d t
06
54160 50 10
44.1A
I
31.18A
2
R
31.177
