Computer Graphics, uses and H
Our Group Members are
1: Syed Tahir Shah
2: Abdul Samad
3: Hajiza Tareen
4: Gul Nigar
67
06
23
90
1st Presentator
Syed Tahir Shah
67
Content
>>> What is a computer Graphics
>>> Why Computer Graphics
>>> Computer Graphics
>>> Example
>>> Basic Software for Creation Images and
Animation
What is a Computer
Graphics ?
Creation, Manipulation and storage of Geometric
objects and their images.
Displaying and Printing of those image in the
soft or hard copy.
Why Computer
Graphics?
Computer Graphics cools.
Every one want to see designed with every
aspect.
People like play with colors which never make
your hands dirty.
Every one wants to make change in the design.
Computer graphics show one model with the
different color.
You can create animation in the several steps.
How can we use Computer
Graphics
Computer graphics deals with all aspects of
creating images with combination of
Hardware
Software
Applications
Languages
Example
Where did this image come from?
Best Software for Creating
images and Animations
Maya Autodesk
Adobe Photoshop
Corel Draw
AutoCAD
Adobe After Effect
Photo Funnia
Photo Shine
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2 Presentator
Abdul Samad
(06)
nd
11
Content
>>>
>>>
Basic Graphics System
CRT (Cathode Rays Tube)
>>> Computer Graphics: 1950 1960
>>> Computer Graphics: 1960
1970
>>> Sketchpad
10
Basic Graphics System
Output device
Input devices
Image formed in FB
11
CRT (cathode rays tube):
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Computer graphics goes back to the earliest
days of computing
Computer
Graphics:
Strip charts
Pen plotters
1950-1960
Simple displays using A/D converters to go from
computer to calligraphic CRT
Cost of refresh for CRT too high
Computers slow, expensive, unreliable
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Computer Graphics: 19601970
Wireframe graphics
Draw only lines
Sketchpad
Display Processors
Storage tube
wireframe representation
of sun object
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Sketchpad
Ivan Sutherlands PhD thesis at MIT
Recognized the potential of man-machine
interaction
Loop
Display something
User moves light pen
Computer generates new display
Sutherland also created many of the now
common algorithms for computer graphics
15
3 Presentator
Hajiza Tareen
(23)
rd
20
Content
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
Display Processor
Direct View Storage Tube
Computer Graphics 1970 - 1980
Raster Graphics
Raster Graphics Detail
17
Display Processor
Rather than have the host computer try to
refresh display use a special purpose
computer called a display processor (DPU)
Graphics stored in display list (display file) on
display processor
Host compiles display list and sends to DPU
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Direct View Storage Tube
Created by Tektronix
Did not require constant refresh
Standard interface to computers
Allowed for standard software
Plot3D in Fortran
Relatively inexpensive
Opened door to use of computer graphics for CAD
community
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Computer Graphics:
Raster Graphics
1970-1980
Beginning of graphics standards
IFIPS
GKS: European effort
Becomes ISO 2D standard
Core: North American effort
3D but fails to become ISO standard
Workstations and PCs
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Raster Graphics
Image produced as an array (the raster) of
picture elements (pixels) in the frame buffer
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Raster Graphics
Allows us to go from lines and wire frame
images to filled polygons
22
4 Presentator
Gul Nigar
(90)
th
23
Content
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
PCs and Workstations
Computer Graphics 1980
Computer Graphics 1980
Computer Graphics 1990
Computer Graphics 2000
1990
1990
2000
2014
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PCs and Workstations
Although we no longer make the distinction
between workstations and PCs, historically
they evolved from different roots
Early workstations characterized by
Networked connection: client-server model
High-level of interactivity
Early PCs included frame buffer as part of user
memory
Easy to change contents and create images
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Computer Graphics:
Realism comes to computer graphics
1980-1990
smooth shading
environment
mapping
bump mapping
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Computer Graphics:
1980-1990
Special purpose hardware
Silicon Graphics geometry engine
VLSI implementation of graphics pipeline
Industry-based standards
PHIGS
RenderMan
Networked graphics: X Window System
Human-Computer Interface (HCI)
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Computer Graphics:
1990-2000
OpenGL API
Completely computer-generated feature-
length movies (Toy Story) are successful
New hardware capabilities
Texture mapping
Blending
Accumulation, stencil buffers
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Computer Graphics:
2000Photorealism
Graphics cards for PCs dominate market
Nvidia, ATI
Game boxes and game players determine
direction of market
Computer graphics routine in movie industry:
Maya, Lightwave
Programmable pipelines
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