Scribd
Upload
148 views19 pages

Linear Circuit Analysis

Linear circuits contain elements with a linear relationship between voltage and current. They can be analyzed using superposition, which involves looking at the effect of each independent source separately and adding them together. Linear circuit analysis allows solving circuits by assuming a current or voltage, determining the source needed to produce it, and applying a scale factor to get the actual values. This technique and superposition allow analyzing more complex circuits with multiple sources.

Uploaded by

FelixAvila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
148 views19 pages

Linear Circuit Analysis

Linear circuits contain elements with a linear relationship between voltage and current. They can be analyzed using superposition, which involves looking at the effect of each independent source separately and adding them together. Linear circuit analysis allows solving circuits by assuming a current or voltage, determining the source needed to produce it, and applying a scale factor to get the actual values. This technique and superposition allow analyzing more complex circuits with multiple sources.

Uploaded by

FelixAvila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Linear Circuit Analysis

Linear Circuits
Superposition

Linear Circuits
Most circuits we will study are linear
Linear circuits contain linear elements
those that have a linear relationship
between their voltage and their current
Resistors
Voltage and Current Sources
Dependent sources that depend on a voltage
or current (but not if they depend on a
product of current and voltage or some
current or voltage to a power different than
one)

Superposition
Linear circuits may be analyzed by looking at
the voltages and currents produced by each
independent source when acting alone and
then adding them together
When one source acts on a circuit, the other
independent sources must be set to zero
A voltage source set to zero is equivalent to a
short circuit
A current source set to zero is equivalent to an
open circuit

Sources when set to Zero


Voltage Sources

+
Vs=0

Is

Current Sources

Short
Circuit

Open
Circuit

Superposition
Superposition allows us to reduce the
complexity of a circuit
Superposition requires that more circuits
be analyzed (more simpler circuits)
Superposition allows us to analyze
circuits that contain sources of different
types
DC, AC, different frequency AC sources,
triangular waves, square waves, etc.

Circuit Analysis using


Linearity
In a linear circuit with one independent
source, if you double the value of the
source, then every current and voltage
in the circuit doubles
Therefore, you can guess at any
voltage or current in the circuit and
see what the source would have to be
in order to get that current and then
apply a scale factor

Linear Circuit Analysis


When a circuit has one independent
source, you can analyze it by choosing a
current or voltage somewhere in the
circuit and then determine what the
source had to be in order to get that value
Then you can apply a scale factor to all
the assumed currents and voltages in the
circuit to get the actual values of the
source and other voltages and currents

Example

Let the 4 A current source act alone, by


zeroing out the voltage source (effectively
making it a short circuit.

Example

Short
Short
circuit
Circuit

Let the 4 A current source act alone, by


zeroing out the voltage source (effectively
making it a short circuit).

Example

Is

Short
Short
circuit
Circuit

Let the current source be Is, and choose a


convenient value for I4 of 10 A,
then VB = 25 volts and I3 = 6.25 A
Since I2=I4+I3, then I2 = 16.25 A

Example

Is
If I2 = 16.25 A, and VA-VB = I22
Since VB=25 v, then VA=57.5 v
Then I1=VA/14= 4.11 A
So Is = I1+ I2 = 20.36 A

Short
Short
circuit
Circuit

Example

Is

Short
Short
circuit
Circuit

But Is = 4 A, so if we multiply
everything by a scale factor of 4/20.36
we will get the correct voltages and currents.
So I4 = 10 A (4 / 20.36) = 1.96 A

Linear Circuit Analysis


When a circuit has one independent
source, you can analyze it by choosing a
current or voltage somewhere in the
circuit and then determine what the
source had to be in order to get that value
Then you can apply a scale factor to all
the assumed currents and voltages in the
circuit to get the actual values of the
source and other voltages and currents

Superposition Example

Is

Short
Short
circuit
Circuit

We found if I4=10 A, Is=20.36 A, VB = 25 volts,


I3 = 6.25 A, I2 = 16.25 A, VA=57.5 v & I1= 4.11 A
Knowing that Is = 4 A, we can multiply each
voltage and current by 4/20.36, so Is=4 A,
I4=1.96 A, VB = 4.91 v, I3 = 1.23 A, I2 = 3.19 A, VA=
11.30 v & I1= .81 A

Example
Open
Circuit

To finish the analysis by superposition,


let the 34 v source act alone, by zeroing
out the current source (effectively
making it an open circuit.

Example
Open
Circuit

Vs

Pretend that the source is Vs and choose


a convenient value for such as I1 = -I2 = 1 A.
So VA = 14 volts and VB = 16 volts and
I3 = 4 A and I4 = I2 - I3 = -5 A

Example
Open
Circuit

Vs

If I4 = -5 A, then VB-Vs = I42.5 = -12.5 v


But VB= 16 v, so Vs = 28.5 volts
Vs is really 34 v, so our scale factor is
34/28.5, so I4 = -5 A(34/28.5) = -5.96 A

Example

If I4 = 1.96 A when the 4 A source was acting


alone and if I4 = -5.96 A when the 34 volt
source was acting alone,
Then I4 = 1.96 - 5.96 = -4.00 A when both
sources are working together

Summary
Linear circuits allow us to analyze the
response to each independent source and
add them together (superposition)
Especially valuable for different types of
sources

Linear circuit analysis (where a current or


voltage is assumed in order to get a scale
factor to get the true voltages and
currents) can be used for any circuit with
a single independent source

You might also like