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    Creep & Spheroidization

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    abet_singkong8930
    creep and spheroidization are two of phenomena that naturally happen to steel that is exposed with high temperature.

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    Creep & Spheroidization

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    abet_singkong8930
    237 views10 pages
    creep and spheroidization are two of phenomena that naturally happen to steel that is exposed with high temperature.

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    creep and spheroidization are two of phenomena that naturally happen to steel that is exposed with high temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    237 views10 pages

    Creep & Spheroidization

    Uploaded by

    abet_singkong8930
    creep and spheroidization are two of phenomena that naturally happen to steel that is exposed with high temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Creep & Spheroidisasi

    Albet Ahmad

    Creep & spheroidisasi


    RLA memakai klasifikasi Wedel & Neubaeur serta Toft & Mardsen
    unutk prediksi sisa umur.
    Pendekatan Wedel dan Neubauer (Creep Cavitations) melihat ada
    tidaknya creep.

    Pendekatan Toft & Mardsen (Spheroidization of pearlite & Carbide


    particles) melihat ada tidaknya spheroidisasi

    Apa itu creep?


    Materials are often placed in service at elevated temperatures and
    exposed to static mechanical stresses (e.g., turbine rotors in jet
    engines and steam generators that experience centrifugal stresses,
    and high-pressure steam lines). Deformation under such
    circumstances is termed creep.... It is observed in all materials
    types; for metals it becomes important only for temperatures
    greater than about 0,4Tm ( Tm = absolute melting temperature).
    Callister: Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page 238

    creep is not too important with most ferrous metals unless the
    operating temperature is above 800 oF (426 oC). Kenneth G.
    Engineering materials properties and selection 5th editon.
    Page 41
    the dislocation creep mechanism is operative at intermediate
    and high stress and at temperatures above 0.4 of the melting
    point and is the only mechanism of significancefor most
    enginnering materials and applications. R. Viswanathan,
    Damage Mechanism and life assesment of high temperature
    components, Page 62

    Apa itu creep?

    Stress produced at elevated temperature produces a condition of


    continuous strain called creep. By definition, creep is deformation as
    a function of time at constant load or stress. Creep, after a period of
    time, may terminate in stress-rupture fracture, also known as creep
    rupture. ASM Metals Handbook Vol 11: Failure Analyse & Prevention
    Creep is time-dependent strain, which can cause failures when a
    component operating at high temperatures under steady load is so
    deformed or distorted that it can no longer perform its intended
    function. terminate in stress-rupture fracture, also known as creep
    rupture. ASM Metals Handbook Vol 11: Failure Analyse & Prevention
    page 621

    Apa itu spheroidisasi?

    If a steel alloy having either pearlitic or bainitic microstructures


    is heated to, and left at, a temperature below the eutectoid for a
    sufficiently long period of timefor example, at about 700 o
    C( 1300 F)) for between 18 and 24 hyet another
    microstructure will form. It is called spheroidite (Figure 10.19).
    Callister : Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page
    330.
    Alloys containing pearlitic
    microstructures have greater strength
    and hardness
    than do those with spheroidite.
    Calister page 341

    Photomicrograph of a steel having a spheroidite microstructure. The small particles are cementite; the
    continuous
    phase is ferrite. (Copyright 1971 by United States Steel Corporation.)

    A photomicrograph of a pearlitic steel that has partially transformed to spheroidite. 2000. Calister
    Materials Science and Engineering 7th edition, page 311.

    0 % C (500X)

    1,4 % C
    (1000X)

    0.8 % C
    0.38 % C
    (635X)

    Apa itu spheroidisasi?

    Struktur mikro baja karbon: ferrit (terang) dan pearlite (gelap)

    Photomicrographs of (a) pearlite

    Damage mechanisms and life assessment of high-temperature components by


    Viswanathan

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