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    Production: Santosh Kr. Paswan Roll No 138510 ME3 Year

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    EricMargate
    The document summarizes the sugar production process. Sugar is produced from sugar cane which grows primarily in India, Brazil, and Thailand. The production process involves harvesting sugar cane, extracting its juice, evaporating the juice to form crystals, centrifuging to separate crystals from molasses, drying and packing the crystals. Byproducts include bagasse used as fuel or animal feed, and molasses used in various industries. India is a major producer and consumer of sugar, with Uttar Pradesh producing over 40% of India's sugar.

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    Production: Santosh Kr. Paswan Roll No 138510 ME3 Year

    Uploaded by

    EricMargate
    144 views21 pages
    The document summarizes the sugar production process. Sugar is produced from sugar cane which grows primarily in India, Brazil, and Thailand. The production process involves harvesting sugar cane, extracting its juice, evaporating the juice to form crystals, centrifuging to separate crystals from molasses, drying and packing the crystals. Byproducts include bagasse used as fuel or animal feed, and molasses used in various industries. India is a major producer and consumer of sugar, with Uttar Pradesh producing over 40% of India's sugar.

    Original Description:

    Sugar Production

    Original Title

    Sugarproduction 141119094911 Conversion Gate01

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    The document summarizes the sugar production process. Sugar is produced from sugar cane which grows primarily in India, Brazil, and Thailand. The production process involves harvesting sugar cane, extracting its juice, evaporating the juice to form crystals, centrifuging to separate crystals from molasses, drying and packing the crystals. Byproducts include bagasse used as fuel or animal feed, and molasses used in various industries. India is a major producer and consumer of sugar, with Uttar Pradesh producing over 40% of India's sugar.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    144 views21 pages

    Production: Santosh Kr. Paswan Roll No 138510 ME3 Year

    Uploaded by

    EricMargate
    The document summarizes the sugar production process. Sugar is produced from sugar cane which grows primarily in India, Brazil, and Thailand. The production process involves harvesting sugar cane, extracting its juice, evaporating the juice to form crystals, centrifuging to separate crystals from molasses, drying and packing the crystals. Byproducts include bagasse used as fuel or animal feed, and molasses used in various industries. India is a major producer and consumer of sugar, with Uttar Pradesh producing over 40% of India's sugar.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    PRODUCTION

    Santosh kr. Paswan

    Roll no 138510

    ME 3rd year

    CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION

    SOURCES OF SUGAR

    MANUFACTURING PROCESS

    BY PRODUCTS

    SUGAR MAP

    INTRODUCTION

    Sugar is an important source of carbohydrate contains no fat or


    cholesterol, 15 calories are contained a tea spoon of it.

    it is a vital ingredient in most of daily consumption articles. For ex. Cold


    drink, juice, tea, biscuits, sweets, and bakery items etc.

    India is the largest sugar consumer and second largest producer in the
    world according to foreign agricultural service.

    Indian sugar industry has total turn over of Rs. 500 billion per annum and
    contributes almost Rs. 22.5 billion to the central and state exchequer as
    taxes and excise duty every according to Ministry of Food & Govt. of India .

    In India according to ISMA 622 sugar industries are established.

    The sugar industry covers around about 7.5% of total rural population and provides
    employment about 5 lakh people in rural and semi-rural areas.

    SOURCES OF SUGAR

    TYPES OF SUGAR

    SOURCES OF SUGAR

    Glucose

    Maltose

    barley

    Sucrose

    sugar cane, sugar beet & fruits

    Lactose

    milk

    Fructose

    fruits & honey

    fruits, veg & honey

    But here we discuss sugar from sugar cane.


    Sugar cane composition:
    Water =70%, Fibrous material =10-16%, Sucrose = 9.5-16%, Gummy
    material =0.5-2%

    MANUFACTURING PROCESS

    Harvesting of cane

    Transport & handling

    Cutting & shredding

    Extraction of juice

    Filtration

    Evaporation

    Crystallization

    Centrifugation

    Drying and packing

    Refining of brown sugar

    HARVESTING OF CANE

    Harvesting of cane is generally two types:

    MANNUAL: in manual type harvesting, canes are harvested by the help of manpower
    or labour.

    MECHANICAL: in this type of harvesting, canes are harvested by the machine


    (harvester or combine machine).

    TRANSPORTING & HANDLING


    sugar cane are transported to the sugar industries by the help of :

    truck

    Tractor & trolley

    Animal driven
    cart

    CUTTING & SHREDDING

    Cutting operation is the first operation in industry.

    Cutters are mechanical equipment which is used to cut the canes into desired size.

    In the cutter equipment consist no. of cutting blades to cut the cane.

    Cutter machine is operated by electric motor shaft pulley & belt arrangement.

    Shredder is used to remove leaves and undesired solid particles from cane.

    cutter

    shredder

    EXTRACTION OF JUICE

    Raw cane juice obtain by extraction operation. When sugar cane cells are braked sweet
    liquid substance came out that is known as cane juice.

    Cane crusher are used to carry on extraction. These are in 5 to 7 nos.

    It is operated by electric motor. It consist 3 friction roller in each crusher.

    1. MAIN ROLLER or DRIVER : feed & discharge roller are driven by main roll.

    2. FEED ROLLER : canes are suck or pull by feed roller.

    3. DISCHARGE ROLLER : it discharge bagasse and juice.

    These roller are attach each other in triangle shape.

    FILTRATION
    Filtration process is the separation of suspended & colloidal particles from raw juice.
    CLARIFICATION: In clarification process sludge, mud, suspended & colloidal particles are
    removes by some chemical compounds.

    Raw cane juice are filled in clarifier (conical shape vessel), where phosphoric acid, lime &
    sulphur dioxide are mixed with the help of agitator.

    When these chemicals are mixed, suspended and colloidal particles are collect in flock
    and resulting settled down.

    Neat and clean juice comes out from the upper section of clarifier, sludge and mud are
    collect in bottom and drainage to rotary filter.

    Calcium phosphate : as flocculent

    Lime & SO2 : acts as bleaching agent

    CO2 : acts as acidifying agent

    VACCUM ROTARY PRESS MUD FILTER:


    Clarified mud from the clarifier further filtered in rotary filter.
    In rotary filter consist a rotary drum & vacuum atmosphere in its center.
    Mud & sludge are stick on the periphery of rotating drum by the action
    of suction. Solid cake removes from the drum by doctor blade.

    Rotary filter

    Clarifier

    EVAPORATION

    Evaporation process deals heat and mass transfer operation both.

    Evaporators are used in process industry to concentrate liquids.

    The operation is performed normally by use of low pressure, dry & saturated steam.

    The evaporator consist a heat exchanger in inner section .

    In the evaporator feed interred at upper section and concentrated thick liquor exit at
    bottom section.

    Steam used to evaporate juice: 1 liter steam to evaporate 4 liter juice.

    Steam temperature 113-130 degree Celsius at 1st pan and 55 degree Celsius at last
    pan .

    Each subsequent vessel with decreasing pressure.

    Last pan being under almost a total vacuum.

    Here used 3 to 5 number evaporator known as multiple effect evaporator.

    MULTIPPLE EFECT EVAPORATOR :

    CRYSTALLIZATION

    In the field of engineering crystallization process considered as mass transfer operation.

    Purest form of substance is obtained.

    The object of the process is usually the recovery of the solute (crystals) from the solvent.

    Process consist 3 major events:

    1. Clustering , 2. Nucleation, & 3. growth

    CENTRIFUGATION

    Centrifugation process is based on centrifugal force.

    To remove the sugar crystals from the molasses, high-speed


    (1,800-2,000 rpm) rotating spin applied to the massecuite,
    resulting by the action of centrifugal force sugar crystals and
    mother liquor being separate.

    centrifuge-

    DRYING & PACKING

    Drying is very essential mass transfer operation in processing sugar cane into sugar.

    The moisture content in sugar after leaving centrifuge which varies b/w 0.5 to 2. %
    needed to reduced about 0.05% for safe storage.

    SCREENING: here sugar crystals are separate by a


    screen in the form of over, under & desired size.
    PACKING: packing is final process of sugar mfg.
    where screened crystals will be packed in different size
    of bags.

    PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

    REFINING OF BROWN SUGAR

    The relatively pure brown coloured liquor from the filtration stage ,raw liquor is then
    subjected to decolourisation by contact with bone-char.

    The bone-char consist of activated carbon on a calcium phosphate skeleton.

    It has a high surface area and the unique ability to absorb colour and inorganic ash
    impurities from the sugar.

    The melted and liquid liquor is stored in a long vertical and cylindrical vessel about 36
    hrs.

    The vessel is already packed with bone-char, where bone-char & liquor comes in intimate
    contact, resulting impurities and colour are absorbed by bone-char.

    The decolorized fine liquor is ready for the final refining & recovery step, which is
    achieved by crystallization in vacuum pans.

    BY PRODUCTS OF SUGAR

    BAGASSE : it is a solid fibrous material contains more cellulose.

    1. Used in Pulp & paper industry, and also cattle feed.


    2. Boiler fuel to produce steam & power.
    3.Mixture of powder bagasse and tar coal is used to seal building roof to become water proof.
    BLACK STRAP MOLASSES :
    1.

    Raw material for fermentation industry.

    2.

    Molasses is used in bakery, sweets, chocolates & biscuits industry.

    3.

    It is Used to produce denatured power alcohol (spirit) & potable alcohol.

    4.

    Molasses is also used to produce industrial and automobile fuel.

    FILTER CAKE : filter cake is used as fertilizer. It contains full of sulphur, phosphorus, calcium and
    nitrogen.

    SUGAR MAP

    SUGAR PORODUCING AREAS IN INDIA

    UP =44%, MH =14%, TN =10%,


    Karnataka=9%, AP =6%, Gujrat = 4%, Bihar
    =3%, Haryana =3%, Punjab =3%, other =5%
    .
    MAJOR SUGAR PPLAYERS IN INDIA:

    WORLD MAJOR SUGAR CONSUMER NATIONS

    1. India, 2. European union, 3. China, 4. Brazil, 5.


    United states.

    MAOR SUGAR EXPORTING NATIONS

    1.

    Brazil

    2.

    Thailand

    3.

    Australia

    4.

    Mexico

    1.

    Bajaj Hindustan, Lakhimpur-khiri.

    2.

    Shree Renuka sugars, Haldia W.B.

    3.

    Dhampur sugar mills, Moradabad.

    5.

    Guatemala

    4.

    Balrampur chini mills, Balrampur.

    6.

    India

    5.

    Sarawasti sugar mills, Saharanpur road,


    Yamuna nagar.

    7.

    European union

    8.

    Cuba

    9.

    South Africa

    10. United

    Arab

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