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    Methods To Separate Mixtures

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    Johnny Jobby
    This document discusses various methods to separate naturally occurring mixtures based on differences in their physical properties. It describes techniques to separate solids of different sizes through sieving, solids from liquids through filtration and sedimentation, dissolved solids from liquids through evaporation and distillation, miscible and immiscible liquids through distillation and separating funnels, and gases through fractional distillation. The key idea is that mixtures can be separated into their pure components using relatively simple physical processes that exploit differences in properties like size, density, solubility, and boiling point.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Methods To Separate Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Johnny Jobby
    153 views12 pages
    This document discusses various methods to separate naturally occurring mixtures based on differences in their physical properties. It describes techniques to separate solids of different sizes through sieving, solids from liquids through filtration and sedimentation, dissolved solids from liquids through evaporation and distillation, miscible and immiscible liquids through distillation and separating funnels, and gases through fractional distillation. The key idea is that mixtures can be separated into their pure components using relatively simple physical processes that exploit differences in properties like size, density, solubility, and boiling point.

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    Methods to separate mixtures

    Original Title

    Methods to Separate Mixtures

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    This document discusses various methods to separate naturally occurring mixtures based on differences in their physical properties. It describes techniques to separate solids of different sizes through sieving, solids from liquids through filtration and sedimentation, dissolved solids from liquids through evaporation and distillation, miscible and immiscible liquids through distillation and separating funnels, and gases through fractional distillation. The key idea is that mixtures can be separated into their pure components using relatively simple physical processes that exploit differences in properties like size, density, solubility, and boiling point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    153 views12 pages

    Methods To Separate Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Johnny Jobby
    This document discusses various methods to separate naturally occurring mixtures based on differences in their physical properties. It describes techniques to separate solids of different sizes through sieving, solids from liquids through filtration and sedimentation, dissolved solids from liquids through evaporation and distillation, miscible and immiscible liquids through distillation and separating funnels, and gases through fractional distillation. The key idea is that mixtures can be separated into their pure components using relatively simple physical processes that exploit differences in properties like size, density, solubility, and boiling point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Methods to Separate Mixtures

    SYLLABUS DOT POINTS:


    IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE PROCEDURES THAT
    CAN BE USED TO SEPARATE NATURALLY
    OCCURRING MIXTURES OF:
    SOLIDS OF DIFFERENT SIZES
    SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
    DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS
    LIQUIDS
    GASES
    ASSESS SEPARATION TECHNIQUES FOR THEIR
    SUITABILITY IN SEPARATING EXAMPLES OF
    EARTH MATERIALS, IDENTIFYING THE
    DIFFERENCES IN PROPERTIES WHICH ENABLE
    THESE SEPARATIONS

    Why Separate?
    Most of the mixtures we extract from the Earth have to be
    separated into their components before we can use them.
    For example salt (sodium chloride) from water.
    Very few mixtures are used as they are: coal, sand for
    concrete and glass, sandstone, granite and other rocks for
    buildings.
    Since the different particles within a mixture are not all
    chemically bonded together, and since each has different
    properties, they can be separated fairly easily by simple
    physical processes.

    Properties
    A PROPERTY IS A CHARACTERISTIC OR
    FEATURE OF SOMETHING. THEY CAN BE
    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL.

    Properties
    Physical Properties
    A physical property is one
    that is displayed without
    any change in composition.
    Density
    Colour
    Conductivity
    Malleability
    Luster

    Chemical Properties
    Any characteristic that
    gives a sample of matter
    the ability/inability to
    undergo a change that
    alters its composition.
    Reactivity
    Toxicity
    Stability
    Bond strength

    Solids of different sizes


    SIEVING Small particles fall through the sieve and
    larger particles are caught. E.g. Separating sand from
    gravel to make concrete.

    Solid suspended in liquid


    Suspension: is a dispersion of particles through a
    liquid with the particles being sufficiently large that
    they eventually settle on standing.
    The solid is INSOLUBLE (it does not dissolve in the
    liquid).
    Example: Sand mixed with water
    NOTE: mixtures of solids can be separated based on
    their SOLUBILITY one solid is soluble (dissolves) in
    a solvent while the other is insoluble (doesnt dissolve)
    e.g. sand and salt.

    Solid suspended in liquid


    FILTRATION (Particle
    Size) The liquid or
    solution passes through the
    paper while the suspended
    solid remains on top of the
    filter paper

    SEDIMENTATION
    followed by DECANTING
    (Density) Once the solids
    settle to the bottom, the
    liquid is carefully poured
    off leaving the solid
    undisturbed.

    Dissolved solids in liquids


    Solution: A solid dissolved in a liquid
    Solute: Dissolved solid
    Solvent: Liquid that dissolves the solid
    EVAPORATION To collect the solid solute. The
    solvent (liquid) is vaporised (liquid to gas)
    DISTILLATION To collect the liquid solvent. The
    solution is boiled with the vapour formed being
    condensed back to a liquid in a different part of the
    apparatus.

    Miscible Liquids
    Miscible 2 liquids dissolved in each other
    Example: alcohol and water; oil in petrol
    DISTILLATION used when there is a large
    difference in boiling points. The more volatile is
    vaporised, condensed becoming the distillate. (the
    liquid with lower boiling point)
    FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION separates liquids
    with small differences in boiling points using a
    fractionating column.

    Immiscible Liquids
    Immiscible 2 liquids do not mix (oil and water)
    SEPARATING FUNNEL (Different Densities) Pear
    shaped funnel tapers to a narrow tube with a cork
    allowing the denser liquid to be collected

    Gases
    FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION Air is liquefied by
    cooling then gradually heated in a fractional column to
    be collected separately.

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