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Transportation Engineering Ii: Aashto Design Method

The document discusses the AASHTO pavement design method. It describes key steps in the process: 1. Measuring the standard 18 kip axle load and defining serviceability as a pavement's ability to serve traffic. 2. Predicting performance over time by monitoring the present serviceability index (PSI), which considers surface irregularities, cracking, patching and rutting. 3. Setting the terminal serviceability level before resurfacing is needed, typically 2.0-2.5 on a 0-5 scale. 4. Computing the structural number (SN) to represent the pavement structure's ability to support traffic loads over the design life. 5. Using a design

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kKhalid Yousaf
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56 views

Transportation Engineering Ii: Aashto Design Method

The document discusses the AASHTO pavement design method. It describes key steps in the process: 1. Measuring the standard 18 kip axle load and defining serviceability as a pavement's ability to serve traffic. 2. Predicting performance over time by monitoring the present serviceability index (PSI), which considers surface irregularities, cracking, patching and rutting. 3. Setting the terminal serviceability level before resurfacing is needed, typically 2.0-2.5 on a 0-5 scale. 4. Computing the structural number (SN) to represent the pavement structure's ability to support traffic loads over the design life. 5. Using a design

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kKhalid Yousaf
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSPORTATION

ENGINEERING II
AASHTO DESIGN METHOD

AASHTO DESIGN
METHOD
The basic objective of this test was to
determine significant relationship
between the no. of repetition of
specified axle loads (of different
magnitude and arrangement) and the
performance of different thickness of
pavement layers.

STEPS FOR DESIGNING


The AASHO design method states that:
The function of any road is to carry the
vehicular traffic safely and smoothly from one
place to another.

Following are the different steps followed


in AASHTO design method while designing
the pavement.

Measuring Standard Axle Load


Predicting Serviceability
Performance
Present Serviceability Rating (PSR)

Present Serviceability Index


Terminal Serviceability
Regional Factor
Structural Number
Soil Support
Reliability
Over all Standard Deviation
Resilient Modulus

Standard Axle Load


An axle carrying a load of 18Kips and causing
a damaging effect of unity is known as
Standard Axle Load.

Serviceability
Ability of a pavement to serve the traffic for
which it is designed.

Performance
Ability of a pavement to serve the traffic for a
period of time. Performance is interpreted as
trend of serviceability with time.

Present Serviceability
Rating
To define PSR, the AASHO
constituted a panel of drivers
belonging to different private
and commercial vehicles.
They were asked to
Rate the serviceability of
different section on a scale of
0-5.
Say whether the sections were
acceptable or not.

Very Good
Good
Fair
Poor
Very Poor

Present Serviceability Index


The prediction of PSR from these physical
measurements is known as PSI and defined as
Ability of a pavement to serve the traffic for
which it is designed.Value 4
PSI value depends on the following factors;

Measurement of longitudinal surface irregularities


Degree of cracking
Extent of patching
Depth of rutting in the wheel paths

The final equation becomes


PSI=5.03-1.91(1+SV)-1.3 (RD)2 -0.01(C+P)1/2
SV=Slope variance x 106 (average of both wheel
tracks) a measure of longitudinal cracks.
RD=rut depth measurement in inches over a 4 ft
span embracing each wheel track.
C=cracking; expressed as the area of pavement in ft2
P=area of patching per 1000ft

Terminal Serviceability
The lowest serviceability that will be tolerated
on the road at the end of the traffic analysis
period before resurfacing or reconstruction is
warned.
Its usual value is 2 for roads of lesser traffic
volume and 2.5 for major highways.

Basic design equation for Terminal Serviceability


is
Pt= Gt-{log (Wt)-log (p)}
=0.4+{0.081(L1+L2)3.23}/{(1+SN)5.19+L23.23}
log (p)= 5.93 + 9.36log(SN+1)-4.79log (L1+L2)+ 4.33log(L2)
Gt=a logarithmic function of the ratio of the loss in
serviceability at time t to the potential loss taken to a point
where pt=1.50
p=a function of design and load variables that denotes the
expected number of axle load applications to a pt=1.5
= a function of design and load variables that influence
the shape of the p Vs W serviceability curve.
Wt=axle load applications at the end of the time t
L1=load on one single axle or on one tendon axle set, in
kg
SN= Structural Number of pavement

Regional factor
It is a factor which helps the use of the
basic equations in a climatic condition
other than the ones prevailing during
the road test. Its values are:
Road bed material frozen to a depth of 5 in
or more (winter)
Road bed material dry (Summer and fall)
Road bed material wet (spring thaw)

Structural Number
An index number that represents the overall
pavement system structural requirements
needed to sustain the design traffic loading for
the design period. Analytically, the SN is given
by:
SN=a1D1+a2D2M2+a3D3M3
Where
D1,D2,D3 = thickness in inches respectively of
surfacing, base and sub-base.
a1,a2,a3 = coefficients of relative strength.

a1=

a2=
a3=

0.2 for road bricks


0.44 for plant mix
0.45 for the sand asphalt
0.07 for sandy gravel
0.14 for crushed stone
0.11 for sandy gravel
0.50 to 0.10 for sandy soil

M2,M3= drainage coefficients


M1= 1 shows good drainage conditions

Soil Support
Its value depends on the CBR value of the
layer.

Reliability
It is defined as probability that serviceability will be
maintained at adequate levels from a user point of
view, through out the design life of the facility

Overall Standard Deviation


It takes in to account the designers ability to estimate
the variation in 18K Equivalent Standard Axle Load.

Resilient Modulus
It is defined as
Mr = Repeated Axial Stress / Total Recoverable Axial
Strain
Mr=CBR x 1500

AASHTO DESIGN
EQUATION
This equation is widely used and has the
following form:
Log10(W18)=Zr x So+ 9.36 x log10(SN + 1)0.20+(log10((PSI)/(4.2-1.5)) /(0.4+(1094/
(SN+1)5.19)+2.32x log10(MR)-8.07
where:

W18=predicted number of 80 KN (18,000


lb.) ESALs ZR=standard normal deviate
So=combined standard error of the traffic
prediction and performance prediction

SN=Structural Number (an index that is


indicative of the total pavement thickness
required)
SN=a1D1 + a2D2m2 + a3D3m3+...
ai
=ith layer coefficient
di
=ith layer thickness (inches)
mi
=ith layer drainage coefficient
PSI =difference between the initial design
serviceability index, po, and the design
terminal serviceability index, pt
MR =sub-grade resilient modulus (in psi)

Nomo-graph

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