Scribd
Upload
91 views

EEE 121 Circuit Theory 1: Chapter 2-B

This document discusses nodal analysis and mesh analysis techniques for solving circuit problems. It covers the basics of each approach including defining nodes and meshes, applying Kirchhoff's laws, and providing examples of solving circuits using each method. The key steps of nodal analysis are to assign voltages to nodes, apply KCL, and solve the equations. For mesh analysis, the steps are to assign currents to meshes, apply KVL, and solve. The document also discusses handling circuits with voltage and current sources using supernodes and supermeshes. It provides guidance on choosing between nodal and mesh analysis based on circuit characteristics.

Uploaded by

Kamarul Syaril Azzahari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
91 views

EEE 121 Circuit Theory 1: Chapter 2-B

This document discusses nodal analysis and mesh analysis techniques for solving circuit problems. It covers the basics of each approach including defining nodes and meshes, applying Kirchhoff's laws, and providing examples of solving circuits using each method. The key steps of nodal analysis are to assign voltages to nodes, apply KCL, and solve the equations. For mesh analysis, the steps are to assign currents to meshes, apply KVL, and solve. The document also discusses handling circuits with voltage and current sources using supernodes and supermeshes. It provides guidance on choosing between nodal and mesh analysis based on circuit characteristics.

Uploaded by

Kamarul Syaril Azzahari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

EEE 121

Circuit Theory 1
Chapter 2-B
NODAL & MESH
ANALYSIS
LECTURER : NURAIZA BINTI
ISMAIL

CONTENTS Chapter 2
B. NODAL & MESH ANALYSIS
1
2
3
4
5
6

Introduction
Nodal analysis
Nodal analysis with voltage sources
Mesh analysis
Mesh analysis with current sources
Nodal versus mesh analysis

B.1 Introduction (1)


If you are given the following circuit, how can we determine
(1) the voltage across each resistor,
(2) current through each resistor.
(3) power generated by each current source, etc.

What are the things which we need to know in


order to determine the answers?

B.1 Introduction (2)


Things we need to know in solving any
resistive circuit with current and voltage
sources only:

Kirchhoffs Current Laws (KCL)


Kirchhoffs Voltage Laws (KVL)
Ohms Law
How should we apply these laws to
determine the answers?

B.2 Nodal Analysis (1)


It provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits using node
voltages as the circuit variables.

B.2 Nodal Analysis (2)


Steps to determine the node voltages:
1. Select a node as the reference node.
2. Assign voltages v1,v2,,vn-1 to the remaining n-1
nodes. The voltages are referenced with respect to
the reference node.
3. Apply KCL to each of the n-1 non-reference nodes.
Use Ohms law to express the branch currents in
terms of node voltages.
4. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to
obtain the unknown node voltages.

B.2 Nodal Analysis (3)


Example 1 circuit independent current source only

Apply KCl at
node 1 and 2

v1

v2

answer v1 = -2V, v2 = -14V

B.2 Nodal Analysis (4)


Example 2 current with dependant current source

Answer: v1= 4.8V, v2 = 2.4V, v3 = -2.4V

B.3

Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (1)

Circuit with independent voltage source (SUPERNODE)

How to handle the 2V voltage source?

B.3 Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (2)
A supernode is formed by enclosing a (dependent or
independent) voltage source connected between two nonreference nodes and any elements connected in parallel
with it.
*Note: We analyze a circuit with super-nodes using the
same three steps mentioned above except that the supernodes are treated differently.

B.3 Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (3)
Basic steps to analyze a circuit with super-nodes:
1. Take off all voltage sources in super-nodes and
apply KCL to super-nodes.
2. Put voltage sources back to the nodes and
apply KVL to relative loops.

B.3 Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (4)
Example 3 - Circuit with independent voltage source
Supernode : 2-i1-i2-7 = 0

Apply KVL : v1 +2-v2 = 0

B.3 Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (5)
Example 4 circuit with two voltage sources (independent & dependent)

B.3 Nodal Analysis with


Voltage Source (6)
Circuit with two voltage sources (independent & dependent)

-i1-i2 + i3 +10 = 0

-i3-i5-i4 + i1 = 0

v1-20-v2 = 0

v3-3vx-v4 = 0

B.4 Mesh Analysis (1)


1. Mesh analysis provides another general procedure for
analyzing circuits using mesh currents as the circuit
variables.
2. Nodal analysis applies KCL to find unknown voltages
in a given circuit, while mesh analysis applies KVL to
find unknown currents.
3. A mesh is a loop which does not contain any other
loops within it.

B.4 Mesh Analysis (2)


Steps to determine the mesh currents:
1. Assign mesh currents i1, i2, , in to the n meshes.
2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohms law
to express the voltages in terms of the mesh
currents.
3. Solve the resulting n simultaneous equations to get
the mesh currents.

B.4 Mesh Analysis (3)


Example 5 circuit with independent voltage sources

Note:
i1 and i2 are mesh current (imaginative, not measurable directly)
I1, I2 and I3 are branch current (real, measurable directly)
I1 = i1;

I2 = i2;

I3 = i1 - i2

B.4 Mesh Analysis (4)


Example 6 circuit with dependent voltage source

answer Io = 1.5A

B.5 Mesh Analysis with


Current Source (1)
Circuit with current source (SUPERMESH)

A supermesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent)


current source in common as shown in (a).
We create a supermesh by excluding the current source and any elements
connected in series with it as shown in (b).

B.5 Mesh Analysis with


Current Source (2)
The properties of a supermesh:
1. The current source in the supermesh is not
completely ignored; it provides the constraint
equation necessary to solve for the mesh currents.
2. A supermesh has no current of its own.
3. A supermesh requires the application of both KVL
and KCL.

B.6 Nodal versus Mesh


Analysis
To select the method that results in the smaller number of equations.
For example:
1. *Choose nodal analysis for circuit with fewer nodes than meshes.
*Choose mesh analysis for circuit with fewer meshes than nodes.
*Networks that contain many series connected elements, voltage
sources, or supermeshes are more suitable for mesh analysis.
*Networks with parallel-connected elements, current sources, or
supernodes are more suitable for nodal analysis.
2. If node voltages are required, it may be expedient to apply nodal
analysis. If branch or mesh currents are required, it may be better to
use mesh analysis.

You might also like