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Science Process Skills

Scientific skills refer to the skills and processes used in scientific investigation and problem solving. They include science process skills, which are ways of investigating through steps like planning, carrying out activities, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Some key science process skills discussed are observing, classifying, making inferences, using space and time relationships, defining terms operationally, and interpreting data. Mastering these skills allows scientists to effectively study the natural world through systematic processes.

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295 views57 pages

Science Process Skills

Scientific skills refer to the skills and processes used in scientific investigation and problem solving. They include science process skills, which are ways of investigating through steps like planning, carrying out activities, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Some key science process skills discussed are observing, classifying, making inferences, using space and time relationships, defining terms operationally, and interpreting data. Mastering these skills allows scientists to effectively study the natural world through systematic processes.

Uploaded by

blurrmie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are scientific skills?

Skills associated with the


process of investigation in
science.
Includes the science process
skills and manipulative skills.

What are scientific skills?


How a scientist works,
thinks and studies problems.
(Friedl, 1995)

WHAT ARE SCIENCE PROCESS


SKILLS?
A way of investigation that involves
specific skills which require the following
steps:
Planning course of actions
Carrying out activities
Collecting data
Organising and interpreting data
Reaching a conclusion

Scientific skills
1. SCIENCE PROCESS
SKILLS
2. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS

What are the Malaysian science


process skills? (Basic & Integrated)
Observing
Classifying
Measuring and using numbers
Inferring
Predicting
Communicating
Using time-space relationships
Interpreting data
Defining operationally
Controlling variables
Hypothesising
Experimenting

Steps to be a good experimenter


Getting started
Planning and
designing

Carrying out

Processing, Analysing,
and Interpreting

Evaluation

Communicating

1. OBSERVING

Example:Activity
Specimen given: Groundnut
Activities:
Individually, examine the specimen
given.
Record its characteristics.
Put the specimen back into the box
and mix the groundnut up.
Try to identify your specimen based
on the characteristics recorded earlier.

You are observing when


you are

1. Using the five senses effectively.

2. Identifying relevant particulars


of an objects and its
environment.

2. Identifying relevant particulars


of an objects and its
environment.

3. Focusing on relevant
particulars from massive
information.

4. Identifying similarities and


differences.

5. Identifying strange / unusual


features.

6. Realizing changes in
environment.

7. Identifying the correct


sequence.

8. Using appropriate
instrument(s) to enhance senses
for the details.

What is meant by observing ?


Observing involves collecting
information about objects or
phenomenon by using the five senses :
Sight
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell

Why do we need to observe?


To compile / gather as much
information as possible about objects
or phenomena.

How do we observe?
Focus on the objects or phenomena
to be studied.
Identify the characteristics.
Compare the objects or phenomena.
Identify changes and sequence of
events.
Use appropriate apparatus for more
detailed observations.

CLASSIFYING

You are classifying


when you are.

1. Detecting similarities .
Same shape

Same Colour

2. Grouping objects based on


certain criterion.

..

3. Using other criterion in


grouping objects.
..

4. Grouping objects in different


ways.

..

What is meant by classifying?


Classifying is a process of grouping
objects according to certain
characteristics for a purpose.

When do we need to classify?


When there are :
Many items or information.
Items or information are not
organised.

How do we classify?

Identify the general characteristics


of the items.
Sort out items of the same
characteristic into their respective
groups.
Identify other characteristics.
Repeat steps 1-3 until there is only
one item in each group.

MAKING INFERENCES

You are making inferences


when you are .

1. Using information from observations


to make reasonable early conclusions.

2. Making various possible interpretations


from single observation.

3. Able to identify the limitations of


inferences.

4. Testing the accuracy of inferences


through additional observations.

4. Testing the accuracy of inferences


through additional observations.

5. Using inferences as a tool to determine


the appropriate additional
observations.

Why do we need to infer?


1. To plan actions or to make a
choice.
2. To analyse the cause and effect of
decisions

How do we infer?
Observe the situations or circumstances.
State the reason why the situation or
circumstances happens .
Give reasons to your statement(s).
Check if the reasons given are based on
opinions or observations from the situations.
If based on opinions, state why.

What is meant by making


inferences?
Making inferences is a process of
making early conclusions by relating
previous experiences with immediate
observations.

Integrated Science Process Skill

USING SPACE AND


TIME
RELATIONSHIPS

Description of physical
environment including:
shapes, time, direction
and spatial
arrangement, motion
and speed.

Integrated Science Process Skill


Which shape has two lines or
axes of symmetry?

Integrated Science Process Skill

How long does


it take you to
count to 25,
counting as fast
as you can?

Integrated Science Process Skill

What is the
frequency of
the traffic?

Integrated Science Process Skill

Roll a ball across


the floor to a wall.
How fast can you
roll it? How slow can
you roll it ?

Integrated Science Process Skill


You are sitting in a boat
sailing along at 10 km/h.
You are facing in the
same direction as the
boat is moving. Are you
moving? Are you moving
with respect to the boat?

Integrated Science Process Skill

Measure and
compare the
distances taken by 2
objects in a fixed unit
of time

Integrated Science Process Skill


USING SPACE AND TIME
RELATIONSHIPS:

Identify changes in
form or with the
passing of time

Integrated Science Process Skill

DEFINING
OPERATIONALLY

Integrated Science Process Skill

Define:
A term
A concept
Variables
Based on experience

Integrated Science Process Skill

Example:
Define an insect
An insect has 3
pairs of legs

Integrated Science Process Skill

Interpreting by
describing what is
DONE and
OBSERVED

Integrated Science Process Skill

Thank U

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