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    Chap02 - Information System Building Blocks

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    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition explains information systems. Front-office systems support business functions that extend out to the organization's customers. Back-office information systems support internal business operations of an organization.

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    Chap02 - Information System Building Blocks

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    kunsiah
    343 views18 pages
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition explains information systems. Front-office systems support business functions that extend out to the organization's customers. Back-office information systems support internal business operations of an organization.

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    Chap02_Information System Building Blocks

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    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition explains information systems. Front-office systems support business functions that extend out to the organization's customers. Back-office information systems support internal business operations of an organization.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    343 views18 pages

    Chap02 - Information System Building Blocks

    Uploaded by

    kunsiah
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition explains information systems. Front-office systems support business functions that extend out to the organization's customers. Back-office information systems support internal business operations of an organization.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Front- and Back-Office Information Systems

    • Front-office information systems support business functions


    that extend out to the organization’s customers (or
    constituents).
    – Marketing
    – Sales
    – Customer management
    • Back-office information systems support internal business
    operations of an organization, aw well as reach out to suppliers
    (of materials, equipment, supplies, and services).
    – Human resources
    – Financial management
    – Manufacturing
    – Inventory control

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-1 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    A Federation of Information Systems

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-2 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Information System Applications

    A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information


    system that captures and processes data about business
    transactions.

    A management information system (MIS) is an information


    system that provides for management-oriented reporting based
    on transaction processing and operations of the organization.

    A decision support system (DSS) is an information system


    that either helps to identify decision making opportunities or
    provides information to help make decisions.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-3 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Information System Applications

    An Executive Information System (EIS) is an information system


    designed for top-level managers that integrates data from all over the
    organization into “at-a-glance” graphical indicators and controls.

    An expert system is an information system that captures the expertise of


    workers and then simulates that expertise to the benefit of nonexperts.

    A communications and collaboration system is an information system


    that enables more effective communications between workers, partners,
    customers, and suppliers to enhance their ability to collaborate.

    An office automation system is an information system that supports the


    wide range of business office activities that provide for improved work
    flow between workers.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-4 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Information System Applications

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-5 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Information Systems Architecture

    Information systems architecture - a unifying


    framework into which various stakeholders with
    different perspectives can organize and view the
    fundamental building blocks of information systems.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-6 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Focuses for Information Systems

    • Knowledge — the raw material used to


    create useful information. [I thought that
    was data!]
    • Process — the activities (including
    management) that carry out the mission of
    the business.
    • Communication — how the system
    interfaces with its users and other
    information systems.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-7 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Information System Building Blocks

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-8 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    KNOWLEDGE Building Blocks

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-9 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of KNOWLEDGE
    • System owners’ view
    – Interested not in raw data but in information that adds new business knowledge and
    information that help managers make intelligent decisions.
    – Business entities and business rules.
    E.g.: www.uwgb.edu/research
    • System users’ view
    – View data as something recorded on forms, stored in file cabinets, recorded in
    books and binders, organized into spreadsheets, or stored in computer files and
    databases.
    – Tend to focus on the business issues as they pertain to the data.
    – Data requirement – a representation of users’ data in terms of entities, attributes,
    relationships, and rules independent of data technology.
    • System designers’ view
    – Data structures, database schemas, fields, indexes, and constraints of particular
    database management system (DBMS).
    • System builders’ view
    – SQL
    – DBMS or other data technologies

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-10 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    PROCESS Building Blocks

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-11 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of PROCESS

    • System owners’ view


    – Concerned with high-level processes called business
    functions.
    – Business function – a group of related processes that
    support the business. Functions can be decomposed
    into other subfunctions and eventually into processes
    that do specific tasks.
    – A cross-functional information system – a system
    that supports relevant business processes from
    several business functions without regard to traditional
    organizational boundaries such as divisions,
    departments, centers, and offices.
    E.g.: ERP Systems, like PeopleSoft & SAP
    Continued ...

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-12 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of PROCESS (continued)

    System users’ view


    • Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate
    responses to business events.
    • Business processes – activities that respond to business events.
    E.g., Registration: Late add or drop.
    • Process requirements – a user’s expectation of the processing requirements
    for a business process and its information systems.
    • Policy – a set of rules that govern a business process.: Approvals
    • Procedure – a step-by-step set of instructions and logic for accomplishing a
    business process. Is it documented real well? E.g.: Late Add?
    • Work flow – the flow of transactions through business processes to ensure
    appropriate checks and approvals are implemented.
    Wouldn’t it be nice if we could digitally sign documents and
    route them electronically, guided by the system, and send Email
    notifications when “it’s your turn”, and when “it’s complete”?
    Continued ...
    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-13 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of PROCESS (continued)

    • System designers’ view


    – Concerned with which processes to automate and how to
    automate them
    – Constrained by limitations of application development
    technologies being used
    – Software specifications – the technical design of business
    processes to be automated or supported by computer programs
    to be written by system builders.

    • System builders’ view


    – Concerned with programming logic that implements automated
    processes
    – Application program – a language-based, machine-readable
    representation of what a software process is supposed to do, or
    how a software process is supposed to accomplish its task.
    – Prototyping – a technique for quickly building a functioning, but
    incomplete model of the information system using rapid
    application development tools.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-14 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    COMMUNICATION Building Blocks

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-15 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of COMMUNICATION

    • System owners’ view


    – Concerned with communications scope of an information
    system.
    • Who (which business units, employees, customers, and
    partners) must interact with the system?
    • Where are these business units, employees, customers, and
    partners located?
    • What other information systems will the system have to interface
    with?

    • System users’ view


    – Concerned with the information system’s inputs and
    outputs.
    Continued ...
    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-16 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Views of COMMUNICATION (continued)

    • System designers’ view


    – Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the
    system-to-system communication interfaces.
    – Interface specifications – technical designs that document how
    system users are to interact with a system and how a system
    interacts with other systems.
    – User dialogue – a specification of how the user moves from
    window to window or page to page, interacting with the application
    programs to perform useful work.

    • System builders’ view


    – Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and
    implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions.
    – Middleware – utility software that allows application software and
    systems software that utilize differing technologies to interoperate.

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-17 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese
    SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHODS 6th Edition Whitten Bentley Dittman

    Network Technologies and the IS Building Blocks

    Irwin/McGraw-Hill 2-18 Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights rese

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