Cluster Technology: Training - Sun L2 Cluster Technology WI-RO Bangalore

Cluster
Technology
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster
A collection of loosely coupled computing
nodes that provides a single client view of
network services or applications.
A cluster consists of multiple systems
connected in various combinations to
shared storage devices.
Cluster is a highly available (HA) system,
that is, a system that provides near
continuous access to data and applications
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster Goals
Reduce or eliminate system downtime because of
software or hardware failure
Ensure availability of data and applications to end
users, regardless of the kind of failure that would
normally take down a single server system
Increase application throughput by enabling
services to scale to additional processors by
adding nodes to the cluster
Provide enhanced availability of the system by
enabling you to perform maintenance without
shutting down the entire cluster
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster
Sun Cluster (VCS)
Veritas Cluster Server (VCS)
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Sun Cluster
Achieves high availability through a
combination of hardware and software.
Redundant cluster interconnects, storage,
and public networks protect against single
points of failure.
The cluster software continuously monitors
the health of member nodes and prevents
failing nodes from participating in the cluster
to protect against data corruption.
The cluster monitors applications and their
dependent system resources, and fails over
or restarts applications in case of failures.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Sun Cluster
Failover
Failover is the process by which the cluster
automatically relocates an application from a failed
primary node to a designated secondary node.
With failover, Sun Cluster provides high availability
Scalability
Scalability provides constant response time or
throughput without regard to load.
A scalable application leverages the multiple nodes
in a cluster to concurrently run an application, thus
providing increased performance.
In a scalable configuration, each node in the cluster
can provide data and process client requests
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Sun Cluster Components

Sun Cluster Software
Cluster Agents for application failover
Cluster nodes with local disks (unshared)
Multihost storage (disks shared between
nodes)
Removable media (tapes and CD-ROM)
Cluster interconnect
Public network interfaces
Client systems
Administrative console
Console access devices
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Sample Configuration
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster Node :
A Host which is a Current or a Potential Member
of Cluster.
Cluster Inter Connect :
Private Network for Cluster-private
communications, Data service Communications.
Public Network Interfaces
Clients connect to the cluster through the public
network interfaces
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
NAFO Group :
Network Adapter Fail Over Group
PNM :
Public Network Monitor (pnmd)
Client Systems:
Client systems include workstations or other
servers that access the cluster over the public
network.
Client systems are not highly available. Data and
applications on the cluster are highly available.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Administrative Console:
The administrative console is not a
cluster node.
Use the administrative console for
remote access to the cluster nodes,
either over the public network, or
through a Console Access Device
Console Access Device:
Concentrator
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Terminal
Cluster Technology
Sun Cluster Topologies

A topology is the connection scheme that
connects the cluster nodes to the storage
platforms used in the cluster.
Clustered pairs
N+1 (star)
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Clustered Pairs Topology
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Pair+M Topology
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
N+1 Topology
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Sun Cluster Data Services
iPlanet Web server.

Apache.
NFS.
DNS.
iPlanet LDAP server.
Oracle8i.
Oracle Parallel Server
Sybase
Netbackup.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
VCS
Building Blocks of VCS
clusters
resources and resource types
service groups
agents
communications (GAB and LLT)
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Clusters
A VCS cluster consists of multiple systems
connected in various combinations to shared
storage devices.
All systems within a cluster have the same
cluster ID.
Connected by redundant private networks
over which they communicate by heartbeats,
Within a single VCS cluster, all nodes must
run on the same operating system.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Clusters can have from 1 to 32 member

systems, or nodes.
Applications can be configured to run on
specific nodes within the cluster.
Nodes that do not share storage cannot fail
over an application that stores its data on
disk.
Multiple clusters can be managed from the
command-line interface and from two crossplatform graphical user interfaces:
Cluster Manager (Java Console)
Cluster Manager (Web Console).
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Resources and Resource Types

Resources are hardware or software entities
network interface cards (NICs)
IP addresses
Applications
Databases
Each resource is identified by a unique name.
Resources with similar characteristics are
known collectively as a resource type
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Service Groups
Smaller container for applications and
associated resources is called a service group.
VCS performs administrative operations on
resources at the service group level.
Starting
Stopping
Restarting
monitoring.
If a service group is to run on a particular
server, all of the groups required resources
must be available to the server.
Resources within a service group have
dependencies
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Resource Dependencies
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster Agents
A program designed to control resources of a particular
resource type.
VCS includes a set of predefined resource types, and each
has a corresponding agent, designed to control the
resource.
Application Cluster Agents are required to manage
application failover
The application must have a defined procedure for
starting.
stopping.
monitoring the overall health of an individual instance.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Cluster Communications
Cluster communications ensure VCS is
continuously aware of the status of each
systems service groups and resources.
Also enable VCS to recognize which systems
are active members of the cluster, which are
joining or leaving the cluster, and which have
failed.
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
On each cluster system, agents monitor the
status of resources and communicate the
status to the high-availability daemon, HAD.
HAD communicates the status on the local
system to other systems in the cluster via the
Group Membership services/Atomic Broadcast
protocol (GAB) and the Low Latency Transport
(LLT).
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
HAD
The high-availability daemon

primary process running on each system.
Referred to as the VCS engine.
Receives information from various agents regarding
resources on the local system and forwards the
information to each member system.
Receives information from other cluster members,
which it uses to update its own view of the cluster.
HAD is monitored and, when required, restarted by
a process called hashadow,
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
Low Latency Transport (LLT)
A mechanism that provides communications between systems in a
cluster.
Provides fast, kernel-to-kernel communications.
Monitors network connections.
Serves as a replacement for the IP stack on systems
Runs directly on top of the Data Link Protocol Interface (DLPI)
layer.
LLT removes latency and overhead associated with the IP stack
LLT distributes (load-balances) internode communication across
private network links.
Maximum of eight Private network Link.
LLT is responsible for sending and receiving heartbeat traffic over
network links.
Heartbeats are used to determine the health of nodes in the
cluster.
LLT informs GAB if communications to a peer are reliable or
unreliable.
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Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
VCS Processes
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology
VCS Administration
CLI Command Line Interface
Cluster Manager (Java Console)
Cluster Manager (Web Console)
WI-RO Bangalore
Training Sun L2
Cluster Technology

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Cluster

Sun Cluster Components

Sun Cluster Topologies

Clustered Pairs Topology

Sun Cluster Data Services

iPlanet Web server.

Clusters can have from 1 to 32 member

Resources and Resource Types

The high-availability daemon

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