Analysis and Design of Slabs 2

Plain & Reinforced
Concrete-1
Sixth Term CE-313
Civil Engineering
Analysis and Design

of Slabs
Plain & Reinforced Concrete-1
Example: Design a cantilever projecting out from a room
slab extending 1.0m and to be used as balcony (LL = 300
kg/m2). A brick wall of 250 mm thickness including plaster
of 1.0m height is provided at the end of cantilever
fc’ = 17.25 MPa fy = 300 MPa
Slab thickness of room = 125 mm. Slab bottom steel in the

direction of cantilever is # 13 @ 190 mm c/c
Solution:
125 mm cantilever
h
L  1000  1m
2
125
L  1000   1063mm
2
Solution: (contd…)
l 1063
hmin    89mm
12 12
Let’s use the same thickness as of the room
h  125mm  h min
d  125  20  7  98mm Main steel in cantilever is

at the top
Slab Load
125
Self weight of slab   2400  300kg / m 2
1000
75
75 mm brick ballast/ screed  1800  135kg / m 2
1000
60
60 mm floor finishes   2300  138kg / m 2
1000
Total dead load  300  135  138  573kg / m 2

Slab Load
Live Load  300kg / m 2
9.81
ω u  1.2  573  1.6  300 
1000
ω u  11 .46kN / m 2
ω u  11 .46kN / m For a unit strip
9.81
Pu  1.2 0.25  1 1  1930 
1000
Pu  5.65kN
Pu  5.65kN
ω u L2
M u  Pu  L  ω u  11 .46kN / m
2
11.46  1.0632
M u  5.65  1.063  1.063m
2
M u  12.48kN  m Per meter width
M u 12.48 106 fc '

  1.3 ω  0.85  0.0488
bd 2
1000  98 2
fy
ρ  0.0052
A s  0.0052 1000  98  510mm 2
# 13 @ 380 mm c/c already

available in the form half the
bent up bar from the room slab
#13 @ 380c / c  A s  342mm 2

Remaining steel required at the top  510 - 342  168mm 2
#10 @ 400c / c
Use
#10 @ 380c / c
Distribution steel  0.002 1000 125  250mm 2
#10 @ 280c / c
Solution: #13 @ 380 c/c
Slab bottom steel
1500 mm
#10 @ 280 c/c
#10 @ 380 c/c

Two-Way Edge
Supported Slabs
Two-Way Slabs
Slab resting on walls or sufficiently deep and rigid beams on all
sides. Other options are column supported slab e.g. Flat slab,
waffle slab.
Lx
m  0.5
Ly
Two-way slabs have two way bending unlike one-way slab.

Design Methods
Ly
1. ACI co-efficient method
2. Direct design method
3. Equivalent frame method Lx
4. Finite element method
Notes
1. In two-way slabs shorter direction strip carry greater %age
of load.
2. Steel will be more in shorter direction.
3. Shorter direction steel will be placed near the outer edge to
get more “d” means more lever arm to get more flexural
capacity.
ACI Co-efficient Method
Unit width strip is taken in both directions. The strip is designed

separately for +ve and –ve moment
2
M u  C  ωu  L n
C = ACI co-efficient
ωu = Slab load
“C” depends upon the end conditions of slab and the
aspect ratio
M+ coefficients are increased
Three tables are available for “C” by 25 % and M- coefficients
• are reduced by 10 % to get
Dead load positive moment the result more closer to
• Live load positive moment accurate solution.
• -ve moment
Minimum Depth of 2-Way Slab for Deflection
Control
According to ACI-318-1963
hmin = (inner perimeter of slab panel)/180
≥ 90 mm
2 L x  L y 
For fy = 300 MPa h min 
180
2 L x  L y 
For fy = 420 MPa h min 
165
According to ACI-318-2005 Lx
m
L n  0.8  f y 1500 Ly
h min 
 36  m  9 Ln = clear span in short direction
Example: Design the 4 marked slab panels of an ordinary
house. Use US customary bars. fc’= 17.25 MPa fy = 300 MPa
1 2
4500 6000
x x Wall thickness = 228 mm
7000 7000
3 4
6000
3500
x
x
6000
6000
Solution: Panel Edge Conditions
Panel # 1
Lx = 4.5m , Ly = 7.0m
m = 0.64 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 2
Lx = 6.0m , Ly = 7.0m
m = 0.86> 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 3
Lx = 3.5m , Ly = 6.0m
m = 0.58 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Panel # 4
Lx = 6.0m , Ly = 6.0m
m = 1 > 0.5, 2-way slab
Slab Thickness
Generally same depth is preferred for one monolithic slab
Calculate hmin for all the panels and select the largest value
Panel # 1 L n  0.8  f y 1500
h min 
36  m  9
4500 0.8  300 1500 
h min   140mm
36  0.64  9
Panel # 2
6000 0.8  300 1500 
h min   150mm
36  0.86  9
Panel # 3
3500 0.8  300 1500 
h min   117 mm
36  0.58  9
Panel # 4
6000 0.8  300 1500 

h min   133mm
36 1  9
h  150mm
Effective depth
d2 d1
Long direction steel
Short direction steel
For short direction steel
d1  h  27  123mm
For longer direction steel
d 2  h  20  13  10 2  112 mm
Slab Load
150
Self weight of slab   2400  360kg / m 2
1000
75
75 mm brick ballast/ screed  1800  135kg / m 2
1000
60
60 mm floor finishes   2300  138kg / m 2
1000
Total dead load  360  135  138  633kg / m 2

Slab Load
Live Load  200kg / m 2
9.81
1.6ωL   1.6  200    3.14kg / m 2
1000
9.81
1.2ωd  1.2  633 
1000
1.2ωd  7.45kN / m 2
ω u  7.45  3.14  10.59kN / m 2

Minimum Steel
A s min  0.002bh
A s min  0.002 1000 150
A s min  300mm 2
For a unit strip
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Plain & Reinforced

Analysis and Design

fc’ = 17.25 MPa fy = 300 MPa

Slab thickness of room = 125 mm. Slab bottom steel in the

d  125  20  7  98mm Main steel in cantilever is

Total dead load  300  135  138  573kg / m 2

ω u  11 .46kN / m For a unit strip

M u 12.48 106 fc '

A s  0.0052 1000  98  510mm 2

# 13 @ 380 mm c/c already

#13 @ 380c / c  A s  342mm 2

Slab bottom steel

#10 @ 280 c/c

#10 @ 380 c/c

Two-way slabs have two way bending unlike one-way slab.

Unit width strip is taken in both directions. The strip is designed

6000 0.8  300 1500 

Long direction steel

Short direction steel

For short direction steel

Total dead load  360  135  138  633kg / m 2

ω u  7.45  3.14  10.59kN / m 2

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