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Gas Dehydration

Dehydration is important for gas gathering, product dehydration, and hydrocarbon recovery. The two main processes for gas dehydration are absorption and adsorption. Absorption uses solvents like glycols that have a high affinity for water and low affinity for hydrocarbons, allowing water levels to be reduced to 10 ppmv. Adsorption uses desiccants like silica gel, activated alumina, and molecular sieves in fixed beds to remove water through physical adsorption in an equilibrium process similar to vapor-liquid equilibria. Common dehydration units use glycol absorbers or two-bed adsorption systems for continuous operation.

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152 views15 pages

Gas Dehydration

Dehydration is important for gas gathering, product dehydration, and hydrocarbon recovery. The two main processes for gas dehydration are absorption and adsorption. Absorption uses solvents like glycols that have a high affinity for water and low affinity for hydrocarbons, allowing water levels to be reduced to 10 ppmv. Adsorption uses desiccants like silica gel, activated alumina, and molecular sieves in fixed beds to remove water through physical adsorption in an equilibrium process similar to vapor-liquid equilibria. Common dehydration units use glycol absorbers or two-bed adsorption systems for continuous operation.

Uploaded by

Rama Krishna Pilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gas Dehydration

Dehydration is important in three areas:

Gas gathering

Product dehydration:
Maximum water in sales gas at 4 to 7 lb/MMscf
For liquids, the water content is 10 to 20 ppmw

Hydrocarbon recovery

Water content is stated in a number of ways:


Mass of water per volume of gas, lb/MMscf
Concentration, parts per million by volume (ppmv)

Water Content Of Hydrocarbon Gases as a


Function of Temperature and Pressure

Water Content Of Hydrocarbons


Calculate the water content of the sweet
natural gas shown in the following table at
300 psia and 80F

Solution

Gas Dehydration Processes

Two processes, absorption and adsorption, are the most common

ABSORPTION PROCESSES:

Water levels in natural gas can be reduced to the 10 pmmv range in a


physical absorption process.

The solvent used for the absorption should have the following properties:

A high affinity for water and a low affinity for hydrocarbons

A low viscosity for ease of pumping and good contact between the gas
and liquid phases

A low potential for corrosion

Glycol Dehydrator Unit

Adsorption Processes
The two types of adsorption are physical adsorption and
chemisorption.

Physical adsorption is
vaporliquid equilibria

Two steps are


component.

The first step is to have the component contact the


surface
The second step is to have it travel through the pathways
inside the adsorbent

involved

an

in

equilibrium

adsorbing

process

trace

like

gas

Vapor-phase Concentration Profile Of An


Adsorbate In The Three Zones Of An
Adsorption Bed

The equilibrium zone, where the adsorbate on the


adsorbent is in equilibrium with the adsorbate in the
inlet gas phase and no additional adsorption occurs
The mass transfer zone (MTZ), the volume
where mass transfer and adsorption take place
The active zone, where no adsorption has yet
taken place
In the mass transfer zone (MTZ), the concentration
drops from the inlet value, Yin, to the outlet value,
Yout, in a smooth S-shaped curve

When used as a purification process,


adsorption has two major disadvantages:
o

It is a fixed-bed process that requires two or


more adsorption beds for continuous
operation.
It has limited capacity and is usually
impractical for removing large amounts of
impurity.

Three types of commercial adsorbents are in


common use in gas processing plants:
Silica

gel, which is made of pure SiO2

Activated

alumina, which is made of Al2O3

Molecular

sieves

Two-bed Adsorption Unit

Other Processes

Desiccant Processes:
Can reduce the water content down to 20 ppmv

Membrane Processes
Refrigeration Processes
Twister Technology
Vortex Tube Technology

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