Chapter 3 Polymerization Tech
Chapter 3 Polymerization Tech
Chapter 3 Polymerization Tech
techniques
Process conditions:
Homogeneous polymerization:
a)
Bulk
b)
Solution
2. Heterogeneous polymerization
a)
Suspension
b)
Emulsion
1.
Concerning:
Molecular Weight
Rate (kinetics)
Heat effects (thermodynamics)
Bulk polymerization
The
For
ADVANTAGES:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Disadvantages:
1.
2.
3.
Solution Polymerization
The
b)
the polymer is insoluble in the solution
above a certain molecular weight
(i.e.,
Advantage of solution
polymerization
Solvent acts as a diluents and aids
in removal of heat of
polymerization.
2. Solvent reduces viscosity, making
processing easier.
3. Thermal control is easier than the
bulk
1.
Disadvantage of solution
polymerization
1.
2.
3.
4.
Addition
Suspension Polymerization
(Pearl Polymerization)
The
The
Droplets
Continue
Dispersion stabilizers dissolved in the
b)
aqueous phase
The
Suspension
Suspension
polymerization is used
only in free radical type processes. The
monomer is mechanically dispersed in a
media, usually water. There are cases
where an organic media is used in which
neither the polymer nor the monomer
are soluble in the organic media.
when using gases ; Example ; the
polymerization of vinyl chloride (a gas at
room temperature) pressure and
containment are concerns.
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
The disadvantage of
Suspension Polymerization
Emulsion polymerization
Emulsion:
A
Emulsifiers : Surfactants
Amphipathic (dual
personalities)
Emulsion polymerization :
Polymerization
Monomer
+
(MMA / styrene)
Free radical
Product
Anionic / cationic
(rapid quenced by water)
Latex
(dispersion of particulate
polymer in water : 0.05-
EP Mechanism:
Can be carried out as:
Batch reaction
2. Starve fed reaction (most cases) to
insure good distribution of
monomers into the polymer
backbone chain.
1.
Initiation:
Initiator migrates into micelle and
react with a monomer molecules.
(initiator attacks monomer in the
micelle that has a large surface area
than the larger monomer droplets)
Polymerization starts
Propagation
Monomer
Termination
Monomer
Molecular weight??
Rate
of polymerization = rate of
disappearance of monomer
Monomer disappear faster when
there are more particle. Therefore, in
order to have more particles, we
must have more micelle.
For that reason : [initiator]???
acetate
Polychloroprene
PMMA
PVC
Polyacrylamide
Copolymers of PS,Polybutadiene and
PAN
Advantages:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Disadvantages
a)