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Lightning Protection

This document provides information on lightning protection systems. It discusses that lightning strikes can reach temperatures over 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit and carry currents over 100,000 amps. It recommends installing lightning protection systems on buildings over two stories tall, single structures in open areas, and buildings exposed to lightning risks. A lightning protection system has four main parts: air terminals, conductors, ground terminations, and surge protection. The document outlines the components of the system and how they work together to safely direct a lightning strike to the ground.

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Yarulnizam
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428 views56 pages

Lightning Protection

This document provides information on lightning protection systems. It discusses that lightning strikes can reach temperatures over 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit and carry currents over 100,000 amps. It recommends installing lightning protection systems on buildings over two stories tall, single structures in open areas, and buildings exposed to lightning risks. A lightning protection system has four main parts: air terminals, conductors, ground terminations, and surge protection. The document outlines the components of the system and how they work together to safely direct a lightning strike to the ground.

Uploaded by

Yarulnizam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lightning Protection

Facts about Lightning


A strike can average 100 million volts of
electricity
Current of up to 100,000 amperes
Can generate 54,000 oF
Lightning strikes somewhere on the Earth
every second
Kills 100 US residents per year

Lightning Doesnt Go Straight Down

What Does This Mean?


Lightning can strike ground up to ten miles
from a storm (Lightning out of the blue)
There is an average of 2-3 miles between
strikes
So how can we tell how far away lightning
has struck?

Use The Five Second Rule


Light travels at about 186,291 miles/second
miles
Sound travels at only 1,088 feet/second
feet
You will see the flash of lightning almost
immediately
5280/1088= 4.9
About 5 seconds for sound to travel 1 mile

Stepped Leader

Streamers

Benjamin Franklin
memperkenalkan sistem perangkap kilat pada 1752

Tujuan Perlindungan Kilat


Mengelakkan panahan kilat (strike)
daripada merosakkan peralatan elektrik &
elektronik
Untuk bangunan yang melebihi dua tingkat
Untuk bangunan tunggal di kawasan tinggi
atau lapang
Untuk bangunan atau struktur yang
terdedah kepada ancaman kilat

Four Main Features of Lightning


Protection
1) Air terminal
2) Conductors
3) Ground termination
4) Surge protection

Sistem Perlindungan Kilat


1) Horizontal conductor (copper)/
aluminium)
2) Down Conductor (copper/ aluminium
tape, G.I)
3) Incpection Point/ Test Clamp
4) Earth Chamber
5) Earth Electrode
6) Air Terminal (copper)

Air Terminal and Conductors

Grounding Rod

Lightning Protection System Accessories

Lightning Protection System Accessories

Surge Protection Device

Surge Protection Device Installation

Surge Protection Is A Must

Lightning Protection System Installation

Lightning Protection System Installation

Faraday Cage Concept

LIGHTNING
STRIKE

Lightning Protection System

Strap Fastener

Horizontal
Conductor

Mounting
Base
Down
Conductor

LIGHTNING ROD/ AIR TERMINAL

DOWN
CONDUCTOR
FOR GROUND
CONNECTION

Copper Strap

PLATE TYPE TEST CLAMP

Jenis Down Conductor


Pita tembaga (copper tape) 3mm x 25mm
Pita Aluminium
G.I Cable

DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP

DOWN
CONDUCTOR &
TEST CLAMP

GROUND
CONNECTION

GROUND
CONNECTION

Ground Electrode
These consist of some form of deeply buried
conductor, since the major earth resistance lies
on the top soil
Discovered by Karl August Steinheil in 1836.
Ground can be used as a return path to
complete a circuit
Buried copper or galvanized earth plate have
largely given place to threaded copper-clad
steel-cored rods

GROUND CONNECTION

Cadweld Method

GROUND
CONNECTION

Types Of Electrode

Earth rods or pipes


Earth tapes or wires
Earth plates
Earth electrodes embedded in foundation
Metallic reinforcement of concrete structure
Metal pipes
Lead sheaths or other metallic covering of
cables (especially underground cables)

EARTH ELECTRODES

TELECOM
GROUNDING

ELECTRICAL
POWER
GROUNDING

LIGHTNING
DOWN
CONDUCTOR
GROUNDING

EARTH LOOPS & EARTH DIFFERENTIALS

METAL PIPES GROUNDING

EARTH ELECTRODES

EARTH CLAMPS

EARTH PIT/
CHAMBER

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR EARTH

Earth Resistance
The earth resistance depends on soil
resistivity and characteristic. The type of
suitable for earth electrode are:
Wet marshy ground
Clay, loam soil, arable land
Clay soil, loam mixed with small quantity
of sand
Damp and wet sand

Earth Resistance
Achieving a good earth depend on local
condition. There are 3 factors:
Moisture content of the soil
Chemical composition of the soil
Temperature of the soil

Earth Resistance
In area of high soil resistivity, it is difficult
to obtain an earth resistance say 1 Ohm or
less. Several option are available in the
form of soil conditioning agent e.g copper
sulphate, sodium carbonate, bentonite &
marconite

Current Electrode
Potential Electrode
Earth Electrode

EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

EARTH RESISTANCE TEST

PURATA RINTANGAN PADA BUMI

ROCK SOIL

10000 OHM/ METER

Rintangan Elektrod Bumi untuk


Sistem Perlindungan Kilat
Maksima
10 Ohm
Malaysia Standard MS IEC 61024-1-1:2001,
Perenggan 2.3.3.1 menyatakan nilai rintangan
bumi untuk alat perangkap kilat hendaklah di
bawah 10 .

Jenis Sambungan Ke Elektrod

Earth Clip
Plumbed joint
Brazing (copper)
Bolt & nut/ socketing
Exothermic welding (CADWELD/ FURSE WELD)
Cold pressure welding

EARTH CLIPS

EARTH TAPE CLIPS

Tamat....

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