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Linear Equation Two Variable

Linear equations in two variables can be written in the form Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are real numbers and A and B are not both zero. The solution set of a linear equation contains an infinite number of ordered pairs (x,y) that satisfy the equation. Linear equations can be represented graphically as a straight line on a Cartesian plane. The slope and y-intercept of the line can be used to write the linear equation in slope-intercept form y = mx + b.

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10K views27 pages

Linear Equation Two Variable

Linear equations in two variables can be written in the form Ax + By = C, where A, B, and C are real numbers and A and B are not both zero. The solution set of a linear equation contains an infinite number of ordered pairs (x,y) that satisfy the equation. Linear equations can be represented graphically as a straight line on a Cartesian plane. The slope and y-intercept of the line can be used to write the linear equation in slope-intercept form y = mx + b.

Uploaded by

praveen181274
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Linear Equations

in Two Variables

Linear Equations in Two Variables


may be put in the form

Ax + By = C,
Where A, B, and C are real
numbers and A and B are not
both zero.

Solutions to Linear Equations in Two


Variables
Consider

5 x 2 y 20

the equation
The equations solution set is
infinite because there are an
Ordered Pairs
infinite number of xs and ys
are listed with the
that make it TRUE.
x-value first and the y-value
second.
For example, the ordered pair
(0, 10) is a solution because
Can you list other ordered pairs
that satisfy this equation?
5 0 2 10

5 x 2 y 20

20

Input-Output Machines

We can think of equations as input-output machines. The


x-values being the inputs and the y-values being the
outputs.
Choosing any value for input and plugging it into the
equation, we solve for the output.

x=4

y = -2x + 5
y = -2(4) + 5
y = -8 + 5
y = -3

y = -3

Functions
Function-

a relationship between two variables


(equation) so that for every INPUT there is
EXACTLY one OUTPUT.
To determine (algebraically) if an equation is
a function we can examine its x/y table. If it is
possible to get two different outputs for a
certain input- it is NOT a function. In this
case an x-value in the table or ordered pairs
would repeat.
This may be determined (graphically) by
using the Vertical Line Test. If any vertical
line would touch the graph at more than one
point- it is NOT a function.

Using Tables to List Solutions

For an equation
we can list some
solutions in a table.

Or,

we may list the


solutions in ordered
pairs .
{(0,-4), (6,0), (3,-2),
( 3/2, -3), (-3,-6),
(-6,-8), }

2 x 3 y 12
x

-4

-2

3/2

-3

-3

-6

-6

-8

Graphing a Solution Set


To obtain

a more complete picture of a


solution set we can graph the ordered
pairs from our table onto a rectangular
coordinate system.
Lets familiarize ourselves with the
Cartesian coordinate system.

Cartesian Plane
y-axis
Quadrant II
( - ,+)

Quadrant I
(+,+)

x- axis
i
orig

Quadrant III
(-,-)

Quadrant IV
(+, - )

Graphing Ordered Pairs on a Cartesian Plane


y-axis
1) Begin at the origin
2) Use the xcoordinate to move
right (+) or left (-)
on the x-axis
3) From that position
move either up(+)
or down(-)
according to the
y-coordinate
4) Place a dot to
indicate a point on
the plane
Examples: (0,-4)
(6, 0)
(-3,-6)

(6,0)
x- axis

(0,-4)
(-3, -6)

Graphing More Ordered Pairs from our


Table for the equation
y

2 x 3 y 12
Plotting more points
we see a pattern.
Connecting the points
a line is formed.

x
(3,-2)

We indicate that the


pattern continues by placing
arrows on the line.
Every point on this line is a
solution of its equation.

(3/2,-3)
(-6, -8)

Graphing Linear Equations


in Two Variables

The graph of any linear


equation in two variables
is a straight line.
Finding intercepts can be
helpful when graphing.
The x-intercept is the
point where the line
crosses the x-axis.
The y-intercept is the
point where the line
crosses the y-axis.
On our previous graph,
y = 2x 3y = 12, find
the intercepts.

Graphing Linear Equations


in Two Variables
y

On our previous graph,


y = 2x 3y = 12,
find the intercepts.
The x-intercept is (6,0).
x

The y-intercept is (0,-4).

Finding INTERCEPTS
To find the
y-intercept: Plug in
x-intercept: Plug in
ZERO for y and solve ZERO for x and
solve for y.
for x.
2(0) 3y = 12
2x 3y = 12
2(0) 3y = 12
2x 3(0) = 12
-3y = 12
2x = 12
y = -4
Thus, the y-intercept is
x=6

To find the

Thus, the x-intercept is (6,0).

(0,-4).

Special Lines

y+5=0

y = -5

x=3

x
x

y = # is a horizontal line
vertical line

x = # is a

SLOPE-

is the rate of

change
We sometimes think
of it as the steepness,
slant, or grade.

Slope formula:
y y2 y1 rise
slope m

x x2 x1 run

Slope:
Given 2 colinear points, find the slope.
Find the slope of the line
containing (3,2) and (-1,5).

y2 y1
25
3
m

x2 x1 3 1 4

Slopes

Positive slopes rise from left to right


Negative slopes fall from left to right

Special Slopes
Vertical

lines have
UNDEFINED slope
(run=0 --- undefined)
Horizontal lines have
zero slope (rise = 0)
Parallel lines have the
same slope (same
slant)
Perpendicular lines
have opposite
reciprocal slopes

m undefined

m0

m1 m2
1
m1
m2

Slope-Intercept Form

y = mx + b
where m is the slope and b
is the y-intercept

Graph using Slope-Intercept form


Given:

2y= 6x 4
y = 3x 2

Plot (0, -2) then use 3/1 as rise/run to yget 2nd


point:
n
n
n

4.

Solve for y.
Plot b on the y-axis.
Use m rise
run to
plot a second point.
Connect the points to
make a line.

1
x
3
b

Rise: positive means UP/ negative means


DOWN
Run: positive means RIGHT/ negative means

Determine the relationship between


lines using their slopes

y 3x 2

2
3
y

9
x

3
x

3
Are

the lines parallel, perpendicular or neither?


Solve for y to get in Slope-Intercept form.
Then compare slopes.

Determine the relationship between


lines using their slopes

y 3 x 2

1
3
y

3
Are

the lines parallel, perpendicular or neither?


Solve for y to get in Slope-Intercept form.
Then compare slopes.

Write an Equation
given the slope and y-intercept
Given:

That a line passes through (0,-9)


and has a slope of , write its
equation.
(0,-9) is the y-intercept (because x=0)
is the slope or m
Plug

get:

into the Slope Intercept Formula to

y= x - 9

Point-Slope Form
At

times we may not know the y-intercept.


Thus, we need a new formula. The pointslope form of a line going through x1 , y1
with a slope of m is given by

y y1 m x x1

Use Point-Slope
when you dont have a y-intercept
Given

two points (1,5)


and (-4,-2), write the
equation for their line.
Choose one point to
plug in for (x1,y1)
Find the slope using
both points and the
slope formula.
Solve the equation for y.

y y1 m x x1
y 5 m( x 1)
7
y 5 x 1
5
7
18
y x
5
5

Modeling Data with Linear


Equations
Data can sometimes
be modeled by a
linear function.
Notice there is a
basic trend. If we
place a line over the
tops of the bars it
roughly fits. Each
bar is close to the
line. Thus points on
the line should
estimate our data.
Given the equation
to the line we can
make predictions
about this data.

Modeling Data with Linear


Equations
The number of
U.S. children (in
thousands)
educated at home
for selected years
is given in the
table. Letting x=3
represent the year
1993, use the first
and last data
points to write an
equation in slopeintercept form to

y=128x + 204

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