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    Lecture 3 Anodizing of Valve Metal

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    Panji Septian Muari
    This lecture discusses anodizing, which is an electrolytic process that produces a stable oxide coating on valve metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. It involves anodically oxidizing the metal surface in an electrolytic cell, typically using voltages between 5-100V. The anodized film acts as a protective, insulating, and corrosion-resistant coating. The document outlines the anodizing process, types of surface treatments, applications, and factors that control the process.

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    Lecture 3 Anodizing of Valve Metal

    Uploaded by

    Panji Septian Muari
    229 views16 pages
    This lecture discusses anodizing, which is an electrolytic process that produces a stable oxide coating on valve metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. It involves anodically oxidizing the metal surface in an electrolytic cell, typically using voltages between 5-100V. The anodized film acts as a protective, insulating, and corrosion-resistant coating. The document outlines the anodizing process, types of surface treatments, applications, and factors that control the process.

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    anodizing valve metal

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    This lecture discusses anodizing, which is an electrolytic process that produces a stable oxide coating on valve metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. It involves anodically oxidizing the metal surface in an electrolytic cell, typically using voltages between 5-100V. The anodized film acts as a protective, insulating, and corrosion-resistant coating. The document outlines the anodizing process, types of surface treatments, applications, and factors that control the process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    229 views16 pages

    Lecture 3 Anodizing of Valve Metal

    Uploaded by

    Panji Septian Muari
    This lecture discusses anodizing, which is an electrolytic process that produces a stable oxide coating on valve metals like aluminum, titanium, and magnesium. It involves anodically oxidizing the metal surface in an electrolytic cell, typically using voltages between 5-100V. The anodized film acts as a protective, insulating, and corrosion-resistant coating. The document outlines the anodizing process, types of surface treatments, applications, and factors that control the process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Outline Curriculum (5 lectures)

    Each lecture 45 minutes


    Lecture 1: An introduction in electrochemical coating
    Lecture 2: Electrodeposition of coating
    Lecture 3: Anodizing of valve metal
    Lecture 4: Electroless deposition of coating
    Lecture 5: Revision in electrochemical coating

    Lecture 3 of 5
    Anodizing of Valve Metal

    Anodizing
    An electrolytic passivation process.
    An anodic oxidation of metal at the anode,
    e.g. Al, Ti, Mg and is usually accompanied
    by hydrogen evolution at an inert electrode
    (the cathode), e.g. Ti, stainless steel.
    Typical cell voltage 5 to 100 V.

    Anodising: What and Why?


    Deliberately producing a stable oxide coating
    by anodic treatment of a metal surface
    Coating is usually non-conducting
    thermally and electrically insulating
    Oxide is usually protective
    against corrosion or wear or heat
    Anodised film can be post-treated
    with dye, polymer, lubricant

    Types of Surface Contamination Dirt: Sources?

    Oils, greases and waxes


    Metal oxide (or sulphide or chloride) films
    Metal particles
    Flowed surface layers may be glassy
    Metallurgical defects
    Chemicals (including sweat)

    Special Pre-treatments
    Chemical polishing
    to give a bright finish

    Electrolytic polishing
    capable of a mirror finish

    Electrograining
    used to allow aluminium to pick up ink

    Microetching
    deliberate micro-roughening of, e.g., silicon

    Plating strikes
    e.g., Woods nickel on stainless before Watts nickel

    Anodizing

    At excessively high current density, a secondary anodic reaction, O2


    evolution takes place at a significant rate.
    This may give rise to problems such as pitting of the anodised layer and
    an increased possibility of hazardous O2/H2 mixture.

    What does an anodised film look like ?


    Transmission electron
    micrograph
    (TEM) cross section
    of an anodised film on Al
    150 V for 70 minutes
    in 0.5M phosphoric acid
    Porous layer
    Barrier layer
    Aluminium substrate

    Depending on conditions,
    oxide film thickness can be, e.g., 1-30 micron

    Anodising of aluminium:
    state of a substance (s),(l),(g)
    Reactants

    Products

    2Al(s) + 3H2O(aq) - 6e- = Al2O3(s) + 6H+(aq)


    Aluminium

    Water

    Electrons

    Aluminium
    oxide

    Protons

    Note the different phases and the phase changes during reaction.

    Anodising of aluminium:
    reacting quantities
    Products

    Reactants

    2Al + 3H2O - 6e- = Al2O3 + 6H+


    2 atom

    3 molecules

    6 molecules

    2 mol

    3 mol

    6 mol

    2 x 26.98 g 3 x 18.016 g

    6F

    1 molecule

    1 mol

    6 ions

    6 mol

    1 x 101.96 g 6 x 1.008 g

    Reactions during anodising of


    aluminium: note phase changes
    Anode (aluminium)
    2Al(s) + 3H2O(l) = Al2O3(s) + 6H+(l) + 6e-

    Cathode (e.g., stainless steel)


    6H+(l) + 6e- = 3H2 (g)

    Cell (overall process)


    2Al(s) + 3H2O(l) + 6H+(l) = Al2O3(s)+ 6H+(l)+ 3H2(g)

    Applications of Anodising?
    Heat sinks
    Thermal, oxidation resistant

    Pots and pans


    Decorative

    Architectural panels
    Decorative and corrosion resistant

    Engineering
    Wear resistant, corrosion resistant

    What are the Control Variables?


    Process
    Pre- and post-treatment, temperature, time

    Electrolyte
    Composition, temperature

    Metal
    Type of alloy, surface finish

    Types of Anodising
    Decorative
    d.c in sulfuric acid

    Hard
    d.c in chromic or phosphoric acid

    Plasma
    a.c. in near neutral salts
    Plasma electrolytic oxidation
    Anodic oxidation of metal to form metal oxide.
    Uses higher voltage than anodizing, e.g. 100 to 1000 V.
    Metal oxide forms at the anode.
    Thicker oxide layer than anodizing, e.g. 100 to 500 m.

    Post-treatment following
    anodising (how and why)
    Seal (Boiling water) : proses utk menutup
    pori-pori
    Dye (Organics) : proses pewarnaan, 50-60 oC
    Impregnate
    PTFE (Anti-stick)
    MoS2 (Self-lubricating)

    Conclusions
    Anodising is important in surface finishing.
    Uses: decorative and engineering applications.
    Capacitors to architectural panels are involved.
    Pre-treatment is important.
    Good process control is essential.
    So is adequate post-treatment.
    Use d.c., a.c. and plasma electrolysis techniques.

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