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LAN Protocol Architecture

The document summarizes the key components and functions of LAN protocol architecture, including the physical layer, logical link control (LLC) sub-layer, and media access control (MAC) sub-layer. The LLC sub-layer assembles data frames, performs addressing and error detection, and governs access to the transmission medium. The MAC sub-layer determines where and how devices access the shared medium using techniques like centralized control, distributed control, synchronous access, and asynchronous access using contention, reservation, or round robin.

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56 views11 pages

LAN Protocol Architecture

The document summarizes the key components and functions of LAN protocol architecture, including the physical layer, logical link control (LLC) sub-layer, and media access control (MAC) sub-layer. The LLC sub-layer assembles data frames, performs addressing and error detection, and governs access to the transmission medium. The MAC sub-layer determines where and how devices access the shared medium using techniques like centralized control, distributed control, synchronous access, and asynchronous access using contention, reservation, or round robin.

Uploaded by

saphari76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LAN Protocol Architecture

LAN Protocol Architecture


Lower layers of OSI model
IEEE 802 reference model, is a standardized
protocol architecture for LANs, which
describes:
Physical layer.
Logical link control (LLC) sub-layer,
Media access control (MAC) sub-layer.

IEEE 802 v OSI

IEEE 802 Protocol Layers


Physical layer, includes such functions as:
Encoding and decoding of signals
Preamble generation and removal (for synchronization)
Bit transmission and reception

Logical Link Control, functions:


Assemble data into a frame with address and error-detection
fields
Disassemble frame and perform address recognition and
error detection
Govern access to the LAN transmission medium
Interface to higher levels and performs flow and error control

Logical Link Control


LLC is concerned with transmission of link-level
PDUs between two stations
LLC has two special characteristics:
Must support multiaccess, shared medium (no primary node
as in multidrop line)
Relieved of some link access details by MAC layer

Addressing involves specifying source and destination


LLC users
Referred to as service access points (SAP)
Service users are typically higher level protocols

LLC Services
The operation and format of this standard is based on
HDLC.
Provide three different services for attached devices:
Unacknowledged connectionless service:
Datagram-style service.
No flow-control and no error-control mechanisms.
Reliability depend to some higher layer of software.

Connection mode service:


Similar to that of HDLC.
Provides flow- and error-control.

Acknowledged connectionless service


Datagrams are to be acknowledged.
No prior logical connection is set up.

LLC Protocol
Is modeled after HDLC, and has similar functions and
formats.
LLC protocol operation:
LLC use asynchronous balanced mode of operation of HDLC
to support connection mode LLC service (type 2 operation)
LLC supports an unacknowledged connectionless service
using unnumbered information PDUs (type 1 operation)
LLC supports acknowledged connectionless service using
unnumbered information PDUs (type 3 operation)
LLC permits multiplexing using LLC service access points
(LSAPs)

Media Access Control


Key parameters of MAC technique is where and how:
Where
Central
Adv.: Greater control and simple access logic at station (no
coordination complexities)
Disadv.: Single point of failure and potential bottleneck

Distributed: opposite of central.

How
Synchronous: specific capacity dedicated to connection
Asynchronous: in response to demand; can be subdivided
into three categories (round robin, reservation, contention)

Asynchronous MAC Techniques


Round robin:
Each station is given the opportunity to transmit. The right to
transmit passes in a logical sequence.

Reservation: a node will reserves future slots from the


medium time to transmit, this is good for stream traffic.
Contention

Good for bursty traffic


All stations contend for time
Distributed control
Simple to implement
Efficient under moderate load
Tend to collapse under heavy load

MAC Frame Format


MAC layer receives data from LLC layer
The fields of MAC frame:

MAC control: protocol control like priority.


Destination MAC address
Source MAC address
LLC: data from next higher layer.
CRC: FCS for error detection.

MAC layer detects errors and discards frames


LLC optionally retransmits unsuccessful frames

Generic MAC Frame Format

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