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Parallel Lines and Transversals

The document discusses parallel lines and how to prove lines are parallel using transversals. It defines parallel lines and planes, and lines that are skew. When a transversal cuts parallel lines, it forms corresponding, alternate interior, alternate exterior, and consecutive interior angles. If one of these angle pairs is congruent or supplementary, the lines must be parallel according to postulates and theorems presented. The document outlines four conditions that can be used to prove lines are parallel.

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SamanthaSebastian
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390 views29 pages

Parallel Lines and Transversals

The document discusses parallel lines and how to prove lines are parallel using transversals. It defines parallel lines and planes, and lines that are skew. When a transversal cuts parallel lines, it forms corresponding, alternate interior, alternate exterior, and consecutive interior angles. If one of these angle pairs is congruent or supplementary, the lines must be parallel according to postulates and theorems presented. The document outlines four conditions that can be used to prove lines are parallel.

Uploaded by

SamanthaSebastian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parallels

4.1 Parallel Lines and Planes

4.2 Parallel Lines and Transversals

4.3 Transversals and Corresponding Angles

4.4 Proving Lines Parallel

4.5 Slope

4.6 Equations of Lines

Parallel Lines and Planes

You will learn to describe relationships among lines,


parts of lines, and planes.
In geometry, two lines in a plane that are always the same
parallel lines
distance apart are ____________.

No two parallel lines intersect, no matter how far you extend them.

Parallel Lines and Planes


Definition of
Parallel
Lines

Two lines are parallel iff they are in the same plane and
do not ________.
intersect

Parallel Lines and Planes


Planes can also be parallel.
The shelves of a bookcase are examples of parts of planes.
The shelves are the same distance apart at all points, and do not appear to
intersect.
parallel
They are _______.

parallel planes
In geometry, planes that do not intersect are called _____________.
Q

Plane PSR || plane JML


Plane JPQ || plane MLR
Plane PJM || plane QRL

S
L
M

Parallel Lines and Planes


Sometimes lines that do not intersect are not in the same plane.
These lines are called __________.
skew lines

Definition of
Skew
Lines

Two lines that are not in the same plane are skew iff
they do not intersect.

Parallel Lines and Planes


Name the parts of the figure:
1) All planes parallel to plane ABF
Plane DCG
2) All segments that intersect

DH

AD, CD, GH, AH, EH


3) All segments parallel to

CD

AB, GH, EF
4) All segments skew to

AB

DH, CG, FG, EH

F
E

G
H

Parallel Lines and Transversals

You will learn to identify the relationships among pairs of


interior and exterior angles formed by two parallel lines
and a transversal.

Parallel Lines and Transversals


In geometry, a line, line segment, or ray that intersects two or more lines at
transversal
different points is called a __________
A
2

1
4
5
8

6
7

l
m

AB

is an example of a transversal. It intercepts lines l and m.

Note all of the different angles formed at the points of intersection.

Parallel Lines and Transversals


Definition of
Transversal

In a plane, a line is a transversal iff it intersects two or more


Lines, each at a different point.

The lines cut by a transversal may or may not be parallel.


Parallel Lines

Nonparallel Lines

1 2
4 3

5 6
8 7

lm
t

b || c

is a transversal for l and m.

1 2
4 3

5 6
8 7

is a transversal for b and c.

Parallel Lines and Transversals


Two lines divide the plane into three regions.
The region between the lines is referred to as the interior.
The two regions not between the lines is referred to as the exterior.

Exterior

Interior

Exterior

Parallel Lines and Transversals


When a transversal intersects two lines, _____
eight angles are formed.
These angles are given special names.

1 2
4 3

5 6
8 7

t
Interior angles lie between the
two lines.

Exterior angles lie outside the


two lines.

Alternate Interior angles are on the


opposite sides of the transversal.

Alternate Exterior angles are


on the opposite sides of the
transversal.

Consectutive Interior angles are on


the same side of the transversal.

Parallel Lines and Transversals


Theorem 4-1 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
Alternate
Alternate interior angles is _________.
congruent
Interior
Angles
1 2
4 3
5 6
8 7

4 6

3 5

Parallel Lines and Transversals


Theorem 4-2 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
Consecutive consecutive interior angles is _____________.
supplementary
Interior
Angles
1 2
4 3
5 6
8 7

4 5 180

3 6 180

Parallel Lines and Transversals


Theorem 4-3 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
Alternate
alternate exterior angles is _________.
congruent
Exterior
Angles
1 2
4 3
5 6
8 7

1 7

2 8

Practice Problems:
1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36,
38, 40, 42, 44, and 46 (total = 23)

Transversals and Corresponding Angles

You will learn to identify the relationships among pairs of


corresponding angles formed by two parallel lines and a
transversal.

Transversals and Corresponding Angles


When a transversal crosses two lines, the intersection creates a number of
angles that are related to each other.

Note 1 and 5 below. Although one is an exterior angle and the other is a
interior angle, both lie on the same side of the transversal.
corresponding angles
Angle 1 and 5 are called __________________.

1 2
4 3

5 6
8 7

t
Give three other pairs of corresponding angles that are formed:
4 and 8

3 and 7

2 and 6

Transversals and Corresponding Angles


Postulate 4-1 If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
Corresponding corresponding angles is _________.
congruent
Angles

Transversals and Corresponding Angles


Types of angle pairs formed when
a transversal cuts two parallel lines.
Concept
Summary

Congruent

Supplementary

alternate interior

consecutive interior

alternate exterior
corresponding

Transversals and Corresponding Angles


s

s || t and c || d.
Name all the angles that are
congruent to 1.
Give a reason for each answer.

1 2
5 6
9

10

13 14

3 1

corresponding angles

6 1

vertical angles

8 1

alternate exterior angles

9 1

corresponding angles

14 1

alternate exterior angles

11 9 1

corresponding angles

16 14 1

corresponding angles

t
3
7
11 12
15 16

4
8
d

Practice Problems:
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38 (total = 19)

Proving Lines Parallel

You will learn to identify conditions that produce parallel lines.

Reminder: In Chapter 1, we discussed if-then statements (pg. 24).


hypothesis and the
Within those statements, we identified the __________
_________.
conclusion
I said then that in mathematics, we only use the term
if and only if
if the converse of the statement is true.

Proving Lines Parallel


Postulate 4 1 (pg. 156):
two parallel lines are cut by a transversal
IF ___________________________________,
each pair of corresponding angles is congruent
THEN ________________________________________.
The postulates used in 4 - 4 are the converse of postulates that you already
know. COOL, HUH?
4 4, Postulate 4 2 (pg. 162):

IF ________________________________________,
THEN ____________________________________.

Proving Lines Parallel


In a plane, if two lines are cut by a transversal so that a pair
of corresponding angles is congruent, then the lines are
_______.
parallel
Postulate 4-2

1
2

If 1 2,
a
b

a || b
then _____

Proving Lines Parallel


In a plane, if two lines are cut by a transversal so that a pair
of alternate interior angles is congruent, then the two lines
are _______.
parallel
Theorem 4-5
If 1 2,
a
2

1
b

a || b
then _____

Proving Lines Parallel


In a plane, if two lines are cut by a transversal so that a pair
of alternate exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines
are _______.
parallel
Theorem 4-6
1

If 1 2,
a
b

a || b
then _____

Proving Lines Parallel


In a plane, if two lines are cut by a transversal so that a pair
of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two
lines are _______.
parallel
Theorem 4-7
If 1 + 2 = 180,
1
2

a
b

a || b
then _____

Proving Lines Parallel


In a plane, if two lines are cut by a transversal so that a pair
of consecutive interior angles is supplementary, then the two
lines are _______.
parallel
Theorem 4-8
If a t and b t,

t
a
b

a || b
then _____

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