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    Productivity and Its Concepts

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    sagar09
    This document discusses the concept of productivity and ways to increase it. It defines productivity as the relationship between inputs and outputs of a business. Productivity can be increased by improving technology, management practices, employee skills, and efficient use of resources. Key factors that affect productivity include primary worker efforts, organizational structure, labor skills, and external factors like transportation. Productivity is measured by dividing total outputs by total inputs of labor, capital, materials, and other resources.

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    Productivity and Its Concepts

    Uploaded by

    sagar09
    170 views15 pages
    This document discusses the concept of productivity and ways to increase it. It defines productivity as the relationship between inputs and outputs of a business. Productivity can be increased by improving technology, management practices, employee skills, and efficient use of resources. Key factors that affect productivity include primary worker efforts, organizational structure, labor skills, and external factors like transportation. Productivity is measured by dividing total outputs by total inputs of labor, capital, materials, and other resources.

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    This document discusses the concept of productivity and ways to increase it. It defines productivity as the relationship between inputs and outputs of a business. Productivity can be increased by improving technology, management practices, employee skills, and efficient use of resources. Key factors that affect productivity include primary worker efforts, organizational structure, labor skills, and external factors like transportation. Productivity is measured by dividing total outputs by total inputs of labor, capital, materials, and other resources.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    170 views15 pages

    Productivity and Its Concepts

    Uploaded by

    sagar09
    This document discusses the concept of productivity and ways to increase it. It defines productivity as the relationship between inputs and outputs of a business. Productivity can be increased by improving technology, management practices, employee skills, and efficient use of resources. Key factors that affect productivity include primary worker efforts, organizational structure, labor skills, and external factors like transportation. Productivity is measured by dividing total outputs by total inputs of labor, capital, materials, and other resources.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Productivity and its concepts.

    Introduction, concept-definitions,
    Factors affecting productivity, ways to
    increase productivity, Measurement of
    Productivity.
    Concept of Productivity.
     Productivity is relationship between
    input and output of an enterprise.
     It is a quantitative relationship.
     The only way to raise the standard of
    living is to increase productivity.
     Productivity can be increased by
    increasing output from each unit of
    input.
    Productivity
     In today’s cut-throat competitive
    world, business houses wants their
    future plans & policies to be the best
     The best plans comes from past
    performance and records.
     The indicators of past performance
    are productivity, profitability, rate of
    return, market share etc.
    Definitions of Productivity.
     Productivity is measure of how
    much input is required to produce a
    given output.
     Productivity is ratio between the
    amount produced & amount of
    resources used in course of
    production
     Productivity means balance
    between all factors of production
    that will give maximum output with
     In general sense productivity is
    measure how much input is required
    to produce a given output.
     Productivity = Measure of Output
    Measure of Input.
     In most cases output is goods and
    services.
     The inputs are in form of Men,
    Machine, Money, Power, Facilities etc
    CALCULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY
     Productivity can be measured by the
    formula:-
    PT = QT _
    L+C+R+M

     PT = Total Productivity M = Miscellaneous


     L = Labour Input. QT = Total Output.
     C = Capital Input.
     R= Raw Material Input.
    Factors affecting Productivity.
    Factors affecting Productivity

    Category I Category II

    Primary Organizational

    Output Factors Efficient use of input


    Conventions and traditions
    Factors affecting productivity
     CATEGORY- I
     Primary:- The efforts and working capacity
    of an individual.
     Organizational:- related to design and
    transformation process. The training and
    skill imparted to the workers for operating
    prod. process.
     Conventions & Traditions:- Activities of
    labor unions, medical facilities, workers
    and management understanding.
    Factors affecting productivity
     CATEGORY- II
     Output factors:- The research and
    development techniques, efficient sales
    strategy and improvement in technology.
     Use of Input:- Efficient use of input
    resources (LIMCA T), better stores control,
    production control policy, maintenance of
    Machines, are useful to minimize the cost.
    Factors affecting productivity
     The factors can be further divided in
    4 major classes.

     Technological
     Managerial
     Labor
     External
    Factors affecting productivity
    1. Technological
     It can increase the output per unit of
    input substantially. Technology
    employed, Materials and tools used.
    3. Managerial
     Organizational structure, scheduling
    of work, Financial management,
    company policies, work environment
    and material management.
    Factors affecting productivity
    1. Labor
     Skill of labor force, health, attitude
    towards management, training and
    discipline.
    3. External
     They are innumerable. For ex.
    Transport facilities, taxes and tariffs,
    power facilities etc. they are
    incontrollable.
    Ways to increase productivity
     It can be improved by no. of ways.
     Ex. Elimination of wastes, use
    improved tech, reduce maintenance
    time, use better RM, Improved
    utilization of resources, reduction in
    working capital, reduction in
    inventory, improved Skills of
    manpower, etc.
    Ways to increase productivity
    1. Use time and motion studies to improve
    performance.
    2. Better transportation and material
    handling
    3. Motivate employees by giving benefit
    4. Workers involvement in decision making.
    5. Better planning and training to
    employees
    6. Improvement in technology and RM.
    Ways to increase productivity
    1. Simplification, standardization and
    specialization technique.
    2. Better and efficient use of resources.
    3. ABC analysis and such other inventory
    control techniques to reduce capital invst
    4. Use of linear programming, CPM and
    PERT for better decision making of
    production technique.

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