IMS Basic Signaling

Procedure

www.huawei.com

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

References

IMS Solution Manual Basic Signaling Procedure Volume

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 3

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe the basic SIP concepts and SIP basic procedure.

Describe the basic registration procedure on the IMS network.

Describe the basic session procedure on the IMS network.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 4

Contents
1.

SIP Overview

2.

IMS Registration and Related Procedures

3.

IMS Session and Related Procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 5

Contents
1.

SIP Overview

1.1 SIP Overview

1.2 SIP Message Structure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 6

Origination and Development of SIP

The SIP was originated in the Mbone (multicast backbone)
experiment in 1996.
In 1999, the SIP was defined by the IETF-MMUSIC in RFC2543.
In 1999, the IETF-MMUSIC became the independent SIP task force.
Later, two SIP-centered task forces, namely, SIPPING and SIMPLE,
were added.
In July, 2002, the SIP was defined in the new RFC3261.
Most contents are rewritten and clearer. In addition, certain new
features are added.
Most contents are backward-compatible with RFC2543.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 7

Whats SIP?

SIP: Session Initiation Protocol

SIP is an IETF protocol for multi-media sessions

Setting up, controlling and tearing down sessions

Sessions including text, video, voice, etc.

SIP is one of the Internet protocol

Text based like HTTP

Request/Reply protocol

Widely used for successful Internet

Can be based on UDP/TCP/SCTP, most of the case now use UDP

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 8

Session Related Protocols

Signaling protocol

Registration, user locating, and routing

Session establishment, modification, and release

Media transport protocol

Transmission of voice and video

SIP signaling protocol

Session description (SDP) is separated from session management
(SIP).

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 9

Simplified SIP Network Architecture

Request Proxy Server
Determines Where to Send
the Signaling Messages

User Agent
(Client)
Sends SIP

SIP Request

SIP Request

Requests
SIP Response

SIP Response

Media Stream (RTP)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 10

User Agent
(Server)
Receives SIP
Requests

Logical Entities of SIP

SIP use client/server architecture

Logical SIP entities are:
Network Servers

User Agents (UA)

User Agent Client (UAC):
Initiates SIP requests
User Agent Server (UAS):
Returns SIP response
Both UAC and UAS can
terminate a call

Register: Maintains the location of SIP

users, sip clients needs to update the
location using register request
Proxy: decides next hop and forwards
request
Redirect: Accepts SIP request and
translates to new address

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 11

Contents
1.

SIP Overview

1.1 SIP Overview

1.2 SIP Message Structure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 12

SIP Message Structure

The SIP consists of three parts:

Message type

Message structure

Message parameter

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 13

Message Types
SIP messages can be classified into two types:
Request
Initiates a session.

Response
Responds to a request.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 14

SIP Message Type -- Request

Extended Request

Basic Request
INVITE: to initiate a session

MESSAGE: is applied to IM

ACK: the response of INVITE

SUBSCRIBE : to subscribe to a notify event

CANCEL: to cancel a session

NOTIFY: to send a notify event

BYE: to terminate a session

UPDATE: to modify the session attributes at

REGISTER: to register in a server

OPTIONS: for querying servers
about their capabilities

the establishment stage of a call

PUBLISH: to distribute its event state to the
status server
PRACK: to indicate the reliability of a
temporary response

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 15

SIP Message Type -- Response

SIP response type:

1xx: Provisional -- request received, continuing to process the

request;

2xx: Success -- the action was successfully received, understood, and

accepted;

3xx: Redirection -- further action needs to be taken in order to

complete the request;

4xx: Client Error -- the request contains bad syntax or cannot be

fulfilled at this server;

5xx: Server Error -- the server failed to fulfill an apparently valid

request;

6xx: Global Failure -- the request cannot be fulfilled at any server.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 16

SIP Basic Flow

Client A

Session setup

Proxy A

INVITE

Registration

Proxy B

Client B

INVITE
INVITE

100 TRYING
100 TRYING

Client A
Register

401 unauthorized
100 TRYING
180 RINGING

180 RINGING
180 RINGING

Proxy A

Register
200 OK

200 OK
200 OK

200 OK

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 17

SIP Message Structure

SIP is a Textbased protocol

and comprise
by 3 parts:

Request-Line

Header

Body

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

SIP Header Fields

INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
From: <sip:[email protected]>;tag=1ccb6df3
To: <sip:[email protected]>
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Call-ID: 20973e49f7c52937fc6be224f9e52543@sx3000
Via:SIP/2.0/UDP server9.example.com;branch=z9hG4kb77ef4c23
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 191.169.1.116:5061;branch=z9hG4bkbc427dad6
Record-Route:<sip:server9.example.com.lr>
Route:<sip:server10.example.com.lr>
Contact: <sip:[email protected]:5061>
Supported: 100rel,
Max-Forwards:70
User-agent: Flexit-IMS softphone V1.2D301SP03
Expires:120
Content-Length:230
Content-Type: application/sdp

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 19

SIP Header Fields

TO the target of this request

FROM the logical identity of the initiator of the request

Cseq command sequence No., unique in the Call-ID range

Consists of a sequence number and a method

Call-ID: A globally unique identifier . Call-ID and tags are used

to identify a dialog.

Via: Identifies the route for the response. The Via field
prevents loops in the message transfer and ensures that the
request and response follow the same path.

Route: It is used to forcibly route a request through the

listed set of proxies.

Contact: It provides an address for direct communication

with the user. It is present in INVITE, ACK, and
REGISTER requests, success responses, call process
responses, and redirection responses

Supported: 100rel,: supporting 1XX responses. A

terminal can return a PRACK response to improve
reliability.

Max-Forwards: It limits the number of hops a request can

transit on the way to its destination. The error response is
483(too many hops). It is used in request messages only.

The SIP method must be the same as that carried in the

request.

Record-Route It is added by a proxy in a request to

force subsequent requests in the session to be routed
through the proxy. It is used to create the Route header
field in subsequent requests.

The Via field must contain the branch parameter to identify

the transaction.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 20

SIP Extension Header

Example
REGISTER sip registrar.bplace.com SIP/2.0
Via SIP/2.0/UDP 8.27.2.102 10226;branch=z9hG4bod840d0w
Via SIP/2.0/UDP 8.27.22.224 5061;branch=z9hG4bKnashds7
;received=192.0.2.4
To B <sip [email protected]>;
From B <sip [email protected]>;tag=456248
P-Access-Network-Info 3GPP-UTRAN-TDD;utran-cell-id-3gpp=234151D0FCE
P-Visited-Network-ID "8.27.2.102"
P-Charging-Vector icid-value="8.27.2.102.3348465999.3157.14"
Call-ID [email protected]
CSeq 1826 REGISTER
Contact <sip [email protected] 5061>;
Expires 7200

Content-Length 0
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 21

SIP extension
header

Some Extension Header Examples in IMS

Extension Header
Examples

Function

P-Access-Network-Info

Is used by the SIP UA to transfer access network

technologies to the service proxy

P-Visited-Network-ID

Is used to relay the identification of the visited domain to the

registrar and proxy in the home realm

P-Charging-Vector

Cooperates with the P-Charging-Function-Address header

field to transfer charging information over the network

P-Asserted-Identity

Formally indicate the calling party ID

Service-Route

Used to inform the S-CSCF IP for P-CSCF during Register

Path

Used to inform the P-CSCF IP for S-CSCF during Register

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 22

SDP Example (Explanations of

Related Parameters)
v=0
o=HuaweiSoftX3000 868 868 IN IP4 10.216.9.200
s=Sip Call
c=IN IP4 10.216.6.108
t=0 0
m=audio 17368 RTP/AVP 8
a=rtpmap 8 PCMA/8000

SDP
Parameter

Parameter
Name

Version number

Origin containing o=<user name> <session id> <version> <network

name
type> <address type> <address>

Subject

Connection

Connection IP address(10.216.6.108)

Time

t=<start time> <stop time>

Media

Media format (audio); Port number(17368)

Attribute

Media encoding (PCM A Law); Sample rate (8000Hz)

Remarks
v=0

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 23

Contents
1.

SIP Overview

2.

IMS Registration and Related Procedures

3.

IMS Session and Related Procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 24

IMS User Registration Procedure

S-CSCF
HSS
Register

I-CSCF

Register

P-CSCF

Register

UE

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 25

Contents
2. Procedures Related to IMS Registration
2.1 Local P-CSCF discovery
2.2 ServingCSCF assignment
2.3 Registration procedure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 26

P-CSCF Discovery
S-CSCF
HSS
Register

I-CSCF

Register

P-CSCF

Register

U
E
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 27

ProxyCSCF Discovery

Proxy-CSCF discovery

The procedure of UE getting to know the address of P-CSCF.

In order to communicate with IMS network, UE must know at least 1 IP
address of P-CSCF.

3 ways for P-CSCF discovery

GPRS procedure

Get the PCSCF IP from GGSN.

DHCP/DNS procedure

DHCP server can provide PCSCF IP/domain name while assign dynamic IP
addresses.

Set the static configuration in UE

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 28

P-CSCF Discovery
UMTS
ion
t
a
c ti v
a
t
tex dure
n
o
P c proce
D
P

qu
er D H C
y/r
es P
po
ns
e

Other access
networks

allocate IP address
of the P-CSCF and IP
for UE

GGS
N

DNS
query/resp
o

nse

IP
DHCP relay

DHCP server

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

DNS server

Page 29

Contents
2. IMS Registration and Related Procedures
2.1 Procedures of Local P-CSCF Discovery
2.2 Procedures of S-CSCF Assignment
2.3 Registration Procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 30

S-CSCF Assignment
S-CSCF
HSS
Register

I-CSCF

Register

P-CSCF

Register

U
E
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 31

S-CSCF Assignment

When a user is registered with the network for accessing the IMS service,
the I-CSCF allocates an S-CSCF to the UE.

The I-CSCF communicates with the HSS by using the Cx interface to obtain
the information required for selecting an S-CSCF.

If the HSS returns the name of an S-CSCF, the I-CSCF checks the IP
address of the S-CSCF by using the S-CSCF name returned by the
HSS.

f the HSS returns the capability set of an S-CSCF, the I-CSCF executes
an algorithm according to the capability set of each received S-CSCF to
select an appropriate S-CSCF.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 32

S-CSCF Assignment

I-CSCF selects the S-CSCF according to their capabilities

Capability ID and meaning is defined by the operator.

Capability set of every SCSCF
is configured in ICSCF

P-CSCF
Service name

Capability ID

emergency
call

SIP extending
function 1

SIP extending
function 2

S-CSCF1
Capability 3,4,5

I-CSCF
User1

Subscribe info of user1:

Mandatory Capability 1,2,3,4
Optional Capability 5 6

S-CSCF3
Capability 1,2,3

HSS

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

S-CSCF2
Capability
1,2,3,4,5

Page 33

Contents
2. IMS Registration and Related Procedures
2.1 Procedures of Local P-CSCF Discovery
2.2 Procedures of S-CSCF Assignment
2.3 Registration Procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 34

Related Concepts of Registration Procedures

Why registration is required

Users use IMPUs (SIP URIs) for communication.

Current IP address of users are mapped to IMPUs.

The information about the locations and service capabilities of users can be obtained.

Authentication and authorization during registration ensures network security.

Home network and the visited network

Home network the operator where the users information subscribed

Visited network when user accesses to the network by other operators, these operator are
called visited network.

In IMS network, the registration procedures are the same no matter user accesses from the
home network or visited network.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 35

Initial Register in Home or Visited Network

HSS

)
(5 enti
th n
Au atio t
c e
s

Home
network
(3)

S-CSCF assignment

(1)

P-CSCF

(2)

Register

Register

(8
)

(7
)

I-CSCF

(4
)
(6
)
401

401

401

Home
network

HSS

)
(5 enti
th n
Au atio t
c se

Visit
network

S-CSCF

(3)
S-CSCF assignment

(1)

P-CSCF

(2)

Register

Register

(8
)

(7
)

401

I-CSCF

401

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

(4)
(6
)
401

S-CSCF

Related Concepts - Authentication

Authentication

Authentication is a method used to identify a user and ensure the validity of the user.

The home network authenticates users by using the user initial registration procedure.

When a user terminal initiates initial registration, the S-CSCF authenticates the
terminal according to the header field carried in the Register message and the
authentication mode selected when the user is defined on the HSS.

Currently, the HTTP Digest authentication mode is adopted for fixed terminals. That
is, the authentication is performed on the basis of user names and passwords.

Authentication and authorization during registration ensures network security.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 37

Related Concepts Service Profile

Service profile is the set of service and user related data.

Basic IMS service profile consists of charging address setting, block

setting, registration authority setting, roaming authority setting,
subscription media ID, iFC, and S-CSCF capability set.

iFC is used for SCSCF to trigger the service request to AS.

Store in HSS, and downloaded by SCSCF during the register.

Service
Block Profile
setting

iFC1

Registration
authority

iFC2

Roaming
authority

iFC3

iFC n

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Which AS will handle the 3rd

party register?
Which AS(s) will handle the
caller side services?
Which AS(s) will handle the
called side services?

Other Related Concepts

Implicit Registration

When one IMPI is associated with multiple IMPUs which are in the same IRS,
the registration of all the IMPUs in the IRS can be implemented through the
IMS registration of one IMPU. This is called implicit registration.

Third-Party Registration

If a user has subscribed to IMS services, after the user is registered

successfully, the S-CSCF checks the downloaded iFC and triggers the route to
the AS which serves the user.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 39

Registration Procedure
1 Initial register message

2 2nd register message

S-CSCF-A

(15)

(6)

User profile

Authentication
data

HSS-A

(4)
Assign S-CSCF

HSS-A

(5)

(14)

(13)

Register

Register

Assign S-CSCF

(7
)

I-CSCF-A

(12)

(3)

Register

Register

(17)

(8
)

200 OK

401

P-CSCF-A

P-CSCF-A

(2)

(1)
Register

(9
)

(11)

(10)

DNS query

DNS

401

U
E

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

(16)
200 OK

401

I-CSCF-A

S-CSCF-A

DNS query

Register

(18)
200 OK

U
E
Page 40

Registration Signaling Flow

Home Network
Caller UE

Initiate
register

P-CSCF

1.REGISTER

DNS

I-CSCF

2.DNS Query
3.DNS Query
Resp
4. REGISTER

Send the
authentication
parameters to UE
12. 401
Unauthorized
13.REGISTER

S-CSCF

HSS

S-CSCF
assignment
5. Diameter: UAR
6. Diameter: UAA
7.REGISTER
10. 401
Unauthorized

8.Diameter: MAR
9.Diameter: MAA

11. 401 Unauthorized

14.DNS Query

S-CSCF
assignment

15.DNS Query
Resp
16. REGISTER

17. Diameter: UAR

18. Diameter: UAA

Authentication
response

19.REGISTER

24. 200 OK

Download the
authentication
sets

23. 200 OK

22. 200 OK

20.Diameter: SAR
21.Diameter: SAA
AS
25.REGISTER
26. 200 OK

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Download
service
profile iFC
etc..)
3rd party
registration

Diameter Message
Message Explanation
UAR

User Authorization Request

UAA

User Authorization Answer

MAR

Multimedia Authentication Request

MAA

Multimedia Authentication Answer

SAR

Server Assignment Request

SAA

Server Assignment Answer

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 42

Functions of NEs During Registration

The following table describes the functions of the main NEs during the registration:

NE

Function
-> Checking the IMPI, IMPU, and home domain

PCSCF

-> Querying the DNS to obtain the I-CSCF IP address

based on the home domain and forwarding the initial
registration request
-> Querying the HSS to select an S-CSCF and specifying

ICSCF

the S-CSCF
-> Forwarding the registration request to the S-CSCF
-> Downloading authentication data from the HSS to
authenticate the terminal

SCSCF

-> Downloading the service subscription data (service

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

profile) of the user from the HSS

Page 43

Stored Information
Node

Before
Registration

During Registration

After Registration

IMPI, IMPU,
Credentials
Home Domain
Proxy Name/Address

Same as before registration

IMPI,IMPU, Credentials
Home Domain
Proxy Name/Address

P CSCF
(in Home or
Visited network)

DNS address

I-CSCF address/name
UE Address IMPI IMPU

Final Network Entry point

UE Address, IMPI IMPU
S-CSCF address

I-CSCF
(in Home
network)

HSS address

S-CSCF address/name
(temporary)

No State Information

HSS address

HSS Address/name
User profile
P-CSCF address/name
P-CSCF Network ID
UE IP Address, IMPI IMPU

May have session state

Information Same as during
registration
Service profile
P-CSCF address

User Service Profile

P CSCF Network ID

S-CSCF address/name

UE

S-CSCF
(in Home
network)
HSS

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 44

De-registration Procedures

UE initiated de-registration

Network initiated de-registration

HSS initiated the de-registration procedures before the register timer expires

AS initiated the de-registration procedures before the register timer expires

The register timer expires, network initiated the de-registration procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 45

User Initiate the Deregister

cause

Switch off the UE

Roaming handover

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 46

S-CSCF Initiate the Deregister

cause

The S-CSCF needs to be shut down.

The user is a owing subscriber

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 47

Questions

What are the IMS NEs that perform registration on IMS users?

What are the steps of IMS user registration?

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 48

Contents
1.

SIP Overview

2.

IMS Registration and Related Procedures

3.

IMS Session and Related Procedures

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 49

Session Procedure Related Network Nodes

UE

Main Functions

P-CSCF 1: Caller part: the 1st contact point to access to the IMS
2: Callee part: P-CSCF forwards the messages to the callee
S-CSCF Realize the call control function for both caller part and callee part
I-CSCF

Contact point to access to the callees home network .

AS

Implement service for both caller and callee side.

DNS/
ENUM

DNS: Reply the ICSCF IP address for S-CSCF query

HSS

Only used in the callee part. I-CSCF locate the SCSCF by query the
HSS

ENUM: Map the TEL format IMPU to SIPURI format

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 50

Procedures Involved in a Session

Procedures involved in the
session

Session
establishment
procedure

Session
release
procedure
Media
negotiation
procedure

Resource
reservation
procedure

Application
service
session
procedure

Session procedure of the application service

In the session procedure, the AS processes the
corresponding service. In the basic call procedure,
no AS is involved.
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 51

Internal Phases of the IMS Session Procedure

Establishment of sessions include: Origination procedures, SS
procedures and Termination procedures
MO procedure

SS procedure

From the caller UE to

From the S-CSCF/AS

MT procedure
From the S-CSCF/AS

the S-CSCF/AS where

in the caller part to the

where the callee UE

the caller UE registered

S-CSCF/AS in the

registered to the callee

callee part

UE

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 52

Simple Model for Call Procedure

During a call between IMS users, the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, and S-CSCF completes the
entire signaling routing procedure.

MO

MT

S
S
3.request

Caller part
S-CSCF

Callee part

4.request
I-CSCF

S-CSCF

5.request

2.request
DNS/ENU
M

HSS

P-CSCF

P-CSCF

6.request

1.request
media
Signalin
g
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Media
Page 53

DNS&ENUM
ENUM
function

DNS function

+8675528780808

huawei.com
Calling party

Called party

S-CSCF
I-CSCF

PCSCF

HSS

P-CSCF

ENU
M

DNS/ENUM

189.17.2.123

S-CSCF

Media

[email protected]

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 54

Basic Session Establishment

Procedure Between IMS Users
Calling party
S-CSCF-A

Called party

I-CSCF-B

Invite
183

HSS-A
183

Invite

HSS-B

Invite

I-CSCF-A
S-CSCF-B
183

DNS/ENUM
Invite
183

P-CSCF-A

P-CSCF-B

Invite

Invite
183

183

media
Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 55

Processing of Service Triggering

Calling party

AS-A

AS-B

Called party

HSS-B

Invite 3
S-CSCF-A

Invite 4

Invite 7
Invite 6

Invite 5
183

HSS-A

Invite 8

S-CSCF-B

I-CSCF-B
Invite 2

183

Invite 9

183

I-CSCF-A

DNS/ENUM
P-CSCF-B

P-CSCF-A

Invite 1

Invite 10
183

183

IP media stream

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 56

IMS User Call to a PSTN User

PSTN called party

IMS calling
party

S-CSCF-A
Invite

HSS-A
Fail
Query
Tel

I-CSCF-A

MGCF

Invite

IAM

Invite
P-CSCF-A

ENUM
Media
control

Invite
UMG

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 57

PST
N

PSTN User Call to an IMS User

IMS called party

PSTN
calling party

I-CSCF-A

HSS-A
Invite

Invite

S-CSCF-A

PSTN/PLMN

MGCF
IAM
Invite

P-CSCF-A

Invite
UMG

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 58

Routing During the Session

Establishment Procedure

MO procedure (Mobile origination)

From the calling UE to the P-CSCF:

The UE obtains the P-CSCF address through P-CSCF discovery and thus routes the call
to the P-CSCF.

From the calling P-CSCF to the calling S-CSCF:

Both the UE and P-CSCF obtain the S-CSCF address through the registration procedure.

SS procedure

From the calling S-CSCF to the called I-CSCF:

The host part (domain name) of the public user identity of the callee is resolved through
DNS. The calling S-CSCF receives an I-CSCF address returned by DNS.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 59

Routing During the Session Establishment

Procedure (2)

MT procedure (Mobile termination)

From the called I-CSCF to the called S-CSCF:

Serving as the ingress of the home network of the callee, the I-CSCF queries the local
HSS to obtain the S-CSCF address selected by the callee during the registration.

From the called S-CSCF to the called P-CSCF:

The called S-CSCF obtains the address of the called P-CSCF during the registration of the
callee. Note that the S-CSCF, serving as the registrar, converts the SIP URI of the called
UE into the contact address.

From the called P-CSCF to the called UE:

The message is forwarded to the called UE according to the contact address of the called
UE.

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 60

Session Signaling Procedure of IMS Users

UE1/PCSCF1

SCSCF1/AS1

INVITE

SCSCF2/AS2

ICSCF2

INVITE

INVITE
183

183

183

PRACK

PRACK

200 OK(PRACK)
UPDATE

PCSCF2/UE2

INVITE
183

PRACK
200 OK(PRACK)

200 OK(PRACK)

UPDATE

UPDATE

PRACK

PRACK

200 OK
(UPDATE)
180
Ringing
PRACK

200 OK

200 OK

200 OK

200 OK
(UPDATE)
180 Ringing

200 OK
(INVITE)
ACK

200 OK
(UPDATE)
180 Ringing

200 OK
(INVITE)
ACK

180 Ringing

200 OK
(INVITE)

The session is
established.

200 OK
(INVITE)
ACK

The IMS user

performs
media
negotiation to
determine the
media IP
address,
media stream
type, and
coding/decodi
ng methods.

Media Characteristics Negotiation

The Media Negotiation is the procedures for determining the set of

negotiated characteristics (media type, codec, etc) between the
endpoints of a multi-media session.

Both sides need to negotiate the media type and the codec which they
are going to use.

OK, lets exchange

the information

We have to use the

same media type
and codec
Support
:

Support:

Audio
G.729

Audio
G.729
H.263

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 62

Media Characteristics Negotiation

Media
Characteristics

A SIP Message INVITE

are described in
the SDP in the
SIP message

Support codec
types

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 63

Media Characteristics Negotiations

SIP messages can contain SDP to initiate media negotiation

INVITE provided by the first SDP:

required media type and all the codec)
183 first response from SDP:
supported media type and the codec)
PRACK provided by the second SDP:
negotiated media type and the codec)
200 OK( the second response from SDP:
confirm to the media type and the codec
negotiated)

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 64

Questions

What are the phases of the session establishment procedure?

What are the main NEs that are passed through in the basic
session establishment procedure?

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 65

Summary

In this course, the following topics are covered:

IMS protocol

IMS registration procedure

IMS session procedure

Copyright 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Page 66

Thanks
www.huawei.com