Scribd
Upload
1K views

Reciprocating Balancing Example

1. The document describes a 4-cylinder engine with two outer cranks set 120° apart and reciprocating masses of 400kg each. The distances between crank planes of rotation are given. 2. For the engine to be in primary balance, the inner crank masses and positions are calculated to be 865.3kg and 46° for one, and 847kg and 161° for the other. 3. The maximum secondary unbalance force is determined to be 91175N occurring at a crank position 32° counter-clockwise from the given position.

Uploaded by

AbhijeetKar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Reciprocating Balancing Example

1. The document describes a 4-cylinder engine with two outer cranks set 120° apart and reciprocating masses of 400kg each. The distances between crank planes of rotation are given. 2. For the engine to be in primary balance, the inner crank masses and positions are calculated to be 865.3kg and 46° for one, and 847kg and 161° for the other. 3. The maximum secondary unbalance force is determined to be 91175N occurring at a crank position 32° counter-clockwise from the given position.

Uploaded by

AbhijeetKar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

A four crank engine has two outer cranks set at 120 o

to each other and their reciprocating masses are


400kg each. The distance between the planes of
rotation of adjacent cranks are 450mm, 750mm and
600mm. If the engine is to be in complete primary
balance, find the reciprocating mass and the relative
angular position for each of the inner cranks. If the
length of each crank is 300mm, length of each
connecting rod is 1.2m and speed of rotation is
240rpm, what is the maximum secondary unbalance
force and the crank position at which this occurs?

DRAW LAYOUT OF THE


ENGINE

120

60
0

75
0

Direction of engine
piston

45
0

1
4
Cylinder axis of Engines 1,
2, 3 & 4
1

120

Axis of Crank
Shaft

450
Mass 1
=400kg

750
Mass
2=?

600
Mass
3=?

Mass 4
=400kg

CALCULATE
AND n

n = 4 ; = 25.13
rad/s

SET-UP DATA
TABLE

Assume that crank-1 makes an angle of 0 with


the engine IDC.
Radius
of
Rotatio
n (r)

Centrifu
gal
force
(N)
(Actual)

CF
2
( mr )

Dist.
From
RP
( l)

Couple
2
( mrl )

Scale
d
Force
(5)

Scale
d
Coupl
e (2)

1 400

0.3

75782

120

0.45

54

24

27

m2

0.3

189.5
m2

0.3
m2

0.3

189.5

0.3

0.225

Pl
an
e

Mas
s
(m)

DETERMINE m3 AND THE


CRANK ANGLE
Construct Primary Couple

Polygon
d

SCALE: 1mm = 2 couple units.


Closing
side

C1 = 27 mm; C2 = 0; C4 =
+81 mm
From couple polygon, vector do =
97.35 mm or 97.35 2 = 194.7
couple units.
0.225 m3 = 194.7, or
m3 = 865.3 kg
Referring to the couple polygon
determine the crank angle of engine-3
to be 46 (CW) from
crank-1.

27

With couple polygon we can determine m3


and the crank position of engine 3 relative to

DETERMINE m4 AND THE


CRANK ANGLE
Construct Primary Force

Polygon

SCALE: 1mm = 5 force units. F1 = 24 mm; F4 = 24 mm


F3 = 0.3m3 = 0.3 865.3 = 259.6 force
units. 259.6 units to scale would be
259.6 5 = 51.92mm
b

24
o

Closing
side

Thus mass 2 and 3, and

Closing side = vector co = 50.8mm.


50.8 mm 50.8 5 = 254 force
units.
0.3 m2 = 254 or m2 = 847 kg.
Direction of crank-2 is 161 from
their
crank locations are
crank-1

FIXING THE ORIENTATIONS OF


SECONDARY CRANKS
Crank-1 makes 0 with engine I.D.C.
Therefore secondary crank-1 makes 2 0
= 0 with IDC
Crank-4 makes 120 with engine I.D.C.
Therefore secondary crank-4 makes 2
120 = 240 with IDC

PRIMARY
CRANKS

SECONDARY CRANK
POSITIONS

360-322=3

Crank-2 makes 161 with engine


I.D.C. Therefore secondary crank-2
makes 2 161 = 322 with IDC
Crank-3 makes 314 with engine
I.D.C. Therefore secondary crank-3
makes 2 314 = 628 with IDC

628360=268=180+8

CONSTRUCTION OF SECONDARY
FORCE POLYGON
Pl
an
e

CF
2

Scale
d
Force
(5)

120

24

254

50.8

260

52

120

24

SECONDARY CRANK
POSITIONS

24

THE CLOSING
VECTOR od
REPRESENTS
MAXIMUM
UNBALANCED
SECONDARY

c
d

MAGNITUDE OF MAXIMUM
SECONDARY FORCE
The scale used to draw secondary
force polygon was 1mm = 5 force
units.

24

SECONDAR
Y FORCE
POLYGON

Therefore, 115.5mm on the


secondary force polygon
corresponds to 115.5 5 = 577.5
force units.
Angular velocity = 25.13 rad/s
n = l/r = 1.2/0.3 = 4
The maximum unbalanced
secondary force =
577.5 2 / n = 577.5 25.13
25.13 / 4 = 91175 N.

OBSERVATI
ONS

39968 N
24

Line is engine cylinder axis


(Fixed line)

s
Re

NOTE: Primary and Secondary


forces from the reciprocating
masses ALWAYS act along the
(FIXED) line of cylinder axis.

an
ult
t=
1
91
N
75

Therefore for the GIVEN


CRANK POSITIONS, the
maximum unbalanced
secondary force of 91175 N
resolved along the fixed
cylinder axis will be
91175 cos(64)= 39968 N.

Force Polygon
turned 64 in
Counter
Clockwise
sense

DETERMINE CRANK ANGLE


WHEN THE SECONDARY
FORCE IS MAXIMUM

Engine axis
(Fixed
line)

But the crank positions for secondary forces/couple


is known to be twice the actual crank angles (2).
Therefore, maximum secondary forces occur on the
engine when the crank positions are 32 CCW from
the given position.

DETERMINE CRANK ANGLE


WHEN THE SECONDARY
FORCE IS MAXIMUM

POSITION OF
THE CRANKS
AS GIVEN IN
THE PROBLEM

32

CRANK POSITION
WHEN
SECONDARY
FORCE IS

1 The pistons of a 4-cylinder vertical inline engine reach their uppermost


position at 90o interval in order of their axial position. Pitch of the cylinder
= 0.35m, crank radius = 0.12m, length of CR = 0.42m. The engine runs at
600 rpm. If the reciprocating parts of each engine have a mass of 2.5kg,
find the unbalanced primary and secondary forces and couples. Take the
central plane of the engine as reference plane. (June/July 2013)
2 The cranks and connecting rods of a 4-cylinder in-line engine running at
1800 rpm are 60mm and 240mm each respectively and the cylinders are
spaced 150mm apart. If the cylinders are numbered 1 to 4 in sequence
from one end, the cranks appear at intervals of 90o in an end view in the
order 1-4-2-3. The reciprocating mass corresponding to each cylinder is
1.5kg. Determine, (i) Unbalanced primary and secondary forces, (ii)
Unbalanced primary and secondary couples with reference to central plane
of the engine. (Dec.2012)
3 A four crank engine has two outer cranks set at 120 o to each other and
their reciprocating masses are 400kg each. The distance between the
planes of rotation of adjacent cranks are 450mm, 750mm and 600mm. If
the engine is to be in complete primary balance, find the reciprocating
mass and the relative angular position for each of the inner cranks. If the
length of each crank is 300mm, length of each connecting rod is 1.2m and
speed of rotation is 240rpm, what is the maximum secondary unbalance
force?
(June/July 2011)
4 The stroke of piston in a six-cylinder two stroke engine is 320mm and the
connecting rod is 800mm ling. The cylinder lines are spaced at 500mm.
o

A four cylinder vertical engine has


cranks 1m long. The planes of rotation
of 1st, 3rd and 4th cranks are 2.5m, 3.5m
and 5.5m respectively from that of the
2nd crank. The corresponding weights of
reciprocating parts are 300kg, 800kg
and 500kg respectively. Find the weights
of the reciprocating parts for the 2nd
cylinder and the relative angular
positions of the cranks in order that the
engine may be in complete primary
balance. If each connecting rod is 4.5m
long and the speed is 150 rpm, find the

37,5

Primary Couple Polygon

30

Primary Force Polygon

Actual Crank
Positions

30

18,75

Secondary Crank
Positions

Secondary
Force
Polygon

Secondary
Couple
Polygon

You might also like