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Introduction To PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development. PHP code can be embedded within HTML pages and will be executed on the server to generate dynamic web page output. PHP is well suited for web applications as it is designed to optimize response times needed for web applications.

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DivyaBharadwaj
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333 views

Introduction To PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development. PHP code can be embedded within HTML pages and will be executed on the server to generate dynamic web page output. PHP is well suited for web applications as it is designed to optimize response times needed for web applications.

Uploaded by

DivyaBharadwaj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language


designed specifically for the Web. Within an
HTML page, you can embed PHP code that will
be executed each time the page is visited. Your
PHP code is interpreted at the Web server and
generates HTML or other output that the visitor
will see (PHP and MySQL Web Development,
Luke Welling and Laura Thomson, SAMS)

Introduction to PHP

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor.

Other Names : Personal Home Page, Professional


Home Page

Is a server side scripting language.

Capable of generating the HTML pages

HTML generates the web page with the static


text and images.
However the need evolved for dynamic web
based application, mostly involving database
usage.

WEB
SERVER
Gets Page
<HTML>
<?php PHP code ?>
</HTML>

HTTP Request
(url)

Server response

CLIENT
Browser creates
the web page

Hello

Interprets the PHP code

<HTML>
<B>Hello</B>
</HTML>

Why PHP?

..there are no. of server side scripting


available like ASP, SSJS, JSP..
PHP involves

PHP is

simplicity in scripting (..generally using the


database)
platform independence.
primarily designed for web applications
well optimized for the response times needed for
web applications

Is an open source.

PHP Block
PHP code block is embedded within the <?
php and ?> tags.
When the server encounters the PHP tags it
switches from the HTML to PHP mode.
There are four different ways to embed the
PHP code

<?php echo(Some PHP code); ?>


<? echo(Some PHP code); ?>
<SCRIPT Language=php> echo(Some PHP code);
</SCRIPT>
<% echo(Some PHP code); %>

Hello World! (web oriented)

<html>
<head>
<title>My personal Hello World! PHP script</title>
</head>
<body>
<?
PHP tag, allow to insert PHP
echo Hello World!;code. Interpretation by PHP
?>
module will substitute the
</html>
code with code output

Variables (I)
To use or assign variable $ must be present before the name of
the variable
The assign operator is '='
There is no need to declare the type of the variable
the current stored value produces an implicit type-casting of the
variable.
A variable can be used before to be assigned
$A = 1;
$B = 2;
$C = ($A + $B); // Integer sum
$D = $A . $B; // String concatenation
echo $C; // prints 3
echo $D;// prints 12

Variables (II)
Function isset tests if a variable is assigned or not
$A = 1;
if (isset($A))
print A isset
if (!isset($B))
print B is NOT set;

Using $$
$help = hiddenVar;
$$help = hidden Value;
echo $$help; // prints hidden Value
$$help = 10;
$help = $$help * $$help;
echo $help; // print 100

PHP Variables (cont.)

Rich set of functions for working with


variable.

For e.g

gettype, settype, isset, unset, is_int, intval etc


etc

Strings (I)
A string is a sequence of chars
$stringTest = this is a sequence of chars;
echo $stringTest[0]; output: t
echo $stringTest; output: this is a sequence of chars

A single quoted strings is displayed as-is


$age = 37;
$stringTest = 'I am $age years old'; // output: I am $age years old
$stringTest = I am $age years old; // output: I am 37 years old

Concatenation
$conc = is .a .composed .string;
echo $conc; // output: is a composed string
$newConc = 'Also $conc '.$conc;
echo $newConc; // output: Also $conc is a composed string

Arrays (I)
Groups a set of variables, every element stored into an array
as an associated key (index to retrieve the element)
$books = array( 0=>php manual,1=>perl manual,2=>C manual);
$books = array( 0=>php manual,perl manual,C manual);
$books = array (php manual,perl manual,C manual);
echo $books[2]; output: C manual

Arrays with PHP are associative


$books = array( php manual=>1,perl manual=>1,C manual=>1); //
HASH
echo $books[perl manual]; output: 1
$books[lisp manual] = 1; // Add a new element

Arrays (II)
Working on an arrays
$books = array( php manual,perl manual,C manual);

Common loop
for ($i=0; $i < count($books); $i++)
print ($i+1).-st book of my library: $books[$i];

each
$books = array( php manual=>1,perl manual=>2,C manual=>3);
while ($item = each( $books )) // Retrieve items one by one
print $item[value].-st book of my library: .$item[key];
// each retrieve an array of two elements with key and value of current element

each and list


while ( list($value,$key) = each( $books ))
print $value-st book of my library: $key;
// list collect the two element retrieved by each and store them in two
different // variables

Arrays (II)

each and list


while ( list($value,$key) = each( $books ))
print $value-st book of my library: $key;
// list collect the two element retrieved by each and store them in two
different // variables

Arrays (III)
Multidimensional arrays
$books = array( array(title=>php manual,editor=>X,author=>A),
array(title=>perl manual,editor=>Y,author=>B),
array(title=>C manual,editor=>Z,author=>C));

Common loop
for ($i=0; $i < count($books); $i++ )
print $i-st book, title: .$books[$i][title]. author: .$books[$i][author].
editor: .$books[$i][editor];
// Add .\n for text new page or .<BR> for HTML new page;

Use list and each


for ($i=0; $i < count($books); $i++)
{
print $i-st book is: ;
while ( list($key,$value) = each( $books[$i] ))
print $key: $value ;
print <BR>; // or \n
}

Arrays (cont.)

$ncststaff = array (dake => array(amrish, lakshana,


venkat),
spc => array(narayan, murali,prasad));

creates a two dimensional array.

Sorting Functions

sort() : sorts the elements in the numeric and


alphabetical order.
rsort() : sorts the elements in the reverse order.
asort() : sorts the elements in the array without
changing the indices.
ksort() : sorts the arrays by key.

PHP Statements

IF statement
if (<condition>) {
//php code goes here
}
else {
//php code goes here
}

Alternative Syntax
if(<condition>) :
//html code goes here

else :
//html code goes here

endif;

PHP Statements (cont.)

For loop
for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) {
echo(the value is :. $i);

}
Alternative Syntax
for($i=0;$i < 10;$++i) :
// html code goes here

endfor;

While loop
Do-While loop

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