VB Control Structures

Dept of Computer Science

St. Marys College puthanagadi

Control Flow
In a program, statements may be executed
sequentially, selectively or iteratively. Every
programming language provides constructs
to support sequence, selection or iteration.
So there are three types of programming
constructs :
Sequential Constructs
Selection Constructs
Iterative Constructs

Sequential Construct
The

sequential construct means the

statements are being executed sequentially.
This represents the default flow of
statements.

Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3

Selection Construct

The selection construct means the execution of

statement(s) depending upon the condition-test. If a
condition evaluates to true, a course-of-action (a set
of statements) is followed otherwise another courseof-action is followed. This construct is also called
decision construct as it helps in decision making.

Selection Construct
One course-of-action
Condition
?

true
Statement 1

false

Statement 1

Statement 2

Another
courseof-action

Statement 2

Iterative Constructs
The

iterative or repetitive constructs means

repetition of a set-of-statements depending
upon a condition-test. A set-of-statements are
repeated again and again till the condition or
Boolean Expression evaluates to true. The
iteration constructs are also called as looping
constructs.

Iterative Construct
false
The exit condition

Condition
?

True
Statement 1

Statement 2

The loop
body

Selection Constructs
VB provides two types of selection construct :

If statement

Select Case statement

The If Statement : If statement of VB comes in
various forms & are given below

If..Then Statement
If..Then..Else Statement
If..Then..ElseIf Statement
Nested Ifs

If..Then Statement
Definition

An If..Then statement tests a particular

condition; if the condition evaluates to true, a
course-of-action is followed otherwise it is
ignored.
Syntax :
If (Boolean expression) Then
statements
End If

If..Then Statement

Example 1
If (Num>0) Then
Print It is a positive number
End if

Example 2 :
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print You are eligible to vote
End if

If..Then..Else Statement
If..Then..Else statement provides an alternate
choice to the user i.e. if the condition is true
then a set of statements are executed otherwise
another set of statements are executed.
Syntax :
If (Boolean Expression) Then
VB Statement(s)
Else
VB Statement(s)
End If

Examples of If..Then..Else
Example 1
If txtAge.Text>=18 Then
Print You are eligible to vote
Else
Print Sorry, You are not eligible to vote
End If
Example 2
If Num Mod 2=0 Then
Print It is an Even Number
Else
Print It is an Odd Number
End If

If..Then..ElseIf Statement

If..Then..ElseIf statement is used to test a number of

mutually exclusive cases and only executes one set of
statements for the case that is true first.
Syntax :
If (Boolean Expression) Then
Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 2) Then
Statement(s)
ElseIf (Boolean Expression 3) Then
Statement(s)
:
Else
Statement(s)
End If

Example of If..Then..ElseIf
If (Age<=4) Then
Print Your rate is free.
ElseIf (Age<=12) Then
Print You qualify for the childrens rate.
ElseIf (Age<65) Then
Print You must pay full rate
Else
Print You qualify for the seniors rate.
End If

Nested Ifs
A

nested If is an if that has another If in its ifs

body or in its elses body. The nested if can
have one of the following three forms :

I
If (expresssion 1) Then
If (expression 2 ) Then
Statement 1
Else
Statement 2
End If
Else
body-of-else
End If

Nested Ifs
2. If (expression 1) Then
body-of-if
Else
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement-1
[Else
Statement-2]
End If

Nested Ifs
3) If (expression 1) Then
:
If (expression 2) Then
Statement-1
[Else
Statement-2]
End If
Else
If (expression 3) Then
Statement-3
[Else
Statement-4]
:
End If
End If

Example of Nested Ifs

If Num>0 Then
Print It is a positive number
Else
If Num<0 Then
Print It is a negative number
Else
Print The number is equal to zero
End If
End If

Select-Case Statement
Select-Case

is a multiple branching statement

and is used to executed a set of statements
depending upon the value of the expression. It
is better to use Select-Case statement in
comparison to If..Then..ElseIf Statement when
the number of checks are more. There are 3
different forms of using Select-Case
statements and are given below :

Different forms of SelectCase

1. Select Case : Simplest Form [Exact match]

Select Case Expression
Case Value
one or more visual basic statements
Case Value
one or more visual basic statements
Case Else :
one or more visual basic statements
End Select

Example of Form 1
Select Case byMonth
Case 1,3,5,7,8,10,12
number_of_days=31
Case 2
number_of_days=28
Case 4,6,9,11
number_of_days=30
End Select

Syntax of Form 2
Select Case : Second Form [Relational Test]
Select Case Expression
Case is relation :
one or more visual basic statements
Case is relation :
one or more visual basic statements
[Case Else :
one or more visual basic statements
End Select

Example of Form 2
Select Case marks
Case Is < 50
Result = Fail
Case Is < 60
Result = Grade B
Case Is < 75
Result = Grade A
Case Else
Result = Grade A+
End Select

Third Form of Select Case

Select Case : Third Format [Range Check]
Select Case Expression
Case exp1 To exp2:
one or more visual basic statements
Case exp1 To exp2:
one or more visual basic statements
[Case Else:
one or more visual basic statements
End Select

Example of Form 3
Select Case Age
Case 2 to 4 : Print PreNursery
Case 4 to 6 : Print Kindergarden
Case 6 to 10 : Print Primary
Case Else : Print Others
End Select

Home Assignment 1
Write

a program in VB to compare three nos

and print the smallest number among these
nos.
Write a program in VB to check the eligibility
of a person to vote. Display a message You
are eligible to vote if the age of the person is
greater than or equal to 18 otherwise print
Sorry! You are not eligible to vote
Write a program to compare two nos and
then print the square and cube of the larger
number among these nos.

Home Assignment
Write

a program to display the

grade obtained by the child
according to the marks obtained
by him/her. Criteria for assigning
the grades is given below : If
marks are
>=90 - Grade is A
<90 and >80 Grade is B
<80 and >=70 Grade is C
<70 and >=60 Grade is D
<60 Grade is E

Iterative Constructs (Looping

Structures)

1)

2)

Loop : A loop is said to be the set of

instructions which are repeated again and
again in a program.
Types of Loops in VB :
Sentinel-controlled Loop Structures : repeat
statements until a special value called
sentinel value (or the terminating value) is
reached.
Counter-controlled Loop Structures : repeat
the set of statements until the value
specified by the counter variable is reached.

Looping Structures

1.
2.

3.

VB offers broadly following three types of

looping structures :
For..Next
Do Loop
a) Do While..Loop
b) Do..Loop While
c) Do Until..Loop
d) Do..Loop Until
While..Wend

For..Next Statement
This

type of statement is used

when the user knows in advance
how many times the loop is going
to be executed.

Syntax

For <counter Variable>=<start_val> To

<end_val> Step
<increment/Decrement Value>
One or more VB Statements
Next <counter Variable>

Examples
Example

1 : Generate natural nos

from 1 to 100
For I = 1 To 100
Print I
Next I
Example 2 : Generate first 20 even
nos.
For E = 2 to 40 Step 2
Print E
Next E

More Examples
Example

3 : Generate odd nos

from 100 to 30 in a list box.
For O = 99 to 31 Step -2
ListO.AddItem(O)
Next O
Example 4 : Generate table of
any number N.
For T = 1 To N
Print N; *; T; =; N*T
Next T

More Examples
Example

5 : Find factorial of a
given number N.

:
Fact=1
For I= 1 to N
Fact = Fact * I
Next I
Print Factorial of ; N; =; Fact
:

Home Assignment 2

1)
2)
3)
4)

Write Programs for the following

problems :
To Generate all the natural nos
from 200 to 500.
To Generate the table of 10.
To Generate all the even nos
from 200 to 400 in reverse order.
To Print first 20 multiples of the
number input by the user.

Do..Loop Structures
Do

While..Loop : Do While loop is an

entry controlled loop in which the
condition is placed at the entry point.
This statement executes the
statements specified in the body of the
loop till the condition evaluates to true.
The loop may not be executed at all
the if the condition is initially false.
Syntax :
Do While <condition or boolean
expression>
One or more VB Statements
Loop

Examples of Do While..Loop
Example

1 : Never executes loop

Dim A as Byte
A=10
Do While A>10
A=A-1
Loop
Example 2 : Executes loop
Dim P as Byte
P=20
Do While P>5
P=P-2
Loop

Do..Loop While
Do

Loop While is an exit controlled

loop as the condition is placed at exit
point. The body of the loop is going to
be executed at least once whether
the condition evaluates to true or
false. Loop is executed as long as the
result of the condition remains true.
Syntax :
Do
One or more VB Statements
Loop While <condition or Boolean
Expression>

Examples
Example

1:

Do
num = InputBox (Enter a
number)
sum = sum + num
Loop While num < > 0
Here the statements inside the loop
will be executed once no matter
what the comparison test evaluates
to.

Do..Until Loop
Do

Until loop is an entry controlled loop

in which the condition is placed at the
entry point. This statement executes the
statements specified in the body of the
loop till the condition evaluates to false.
The loop may not be executed at all the if
the condition is initially true.
Syntax :
Do Until <condition or boolean
expression>
One or more VB Statements
Loop

Examples of Do Until..Loop
Example

1 : Never executes loop

Dim A as Byte
A=10
Do Until A<10
A=A-1
Loop
Example 2 : Executes loop
Dim P as Byte
P=20
Do Until P<5
P=P-2
Loop

Do..Loop Until
Do

Loop Until is an exit controlled loop

as the condition is placed at exit point.
The body of the loop is going to be
executed at least once whether the
condition evaluates to true or false.
Loop is executed as long as the result of
the condition remains false.
Syntax :
Do
One or more VB Statements
Loop Until <condition or Boolean
Expression>

Examples
Example

1:

Do
num = InputBox (Enter a
number)
sum = sum + num
Loop Until num = 0
Here the statements inside the loop
will be executed once no matter
what the comparison test evaluates
to.

While..Wend
While..Wend

loop is functionally
equivalent to the Do While..Loop.
It executes a set of VB statements
till the condition evaluates to true.

Syntax

:
While <Condition>
one or more vb statements
Wend

Examples
Example

1 : Generate the sum of

first 10 natural nos
I=1
While I<=10
Sum = Sum + I
I=I+1
Wend
Print Sum of 10 natural nos = ;
Sum

Nested Loops
A

loop within another loop is

called as Nested Loop.
Example :
For I = 1 to 5
For J = 1 To 3
Inner Loop
Print J
Outer Loop
Next J
Print
Next I

Working of Nested Loops

In

nested loops the inner loop is

executed completely for one time
execution of the outer loop. In the
Previous example the Inner Loop
will be executed three times for
every execution of the outer loop.
Nested loops are very useful when
there is a requirement to generate
different kind of patterns as output.

Examples
Example

: Program to generate the

output given below :

1
2
3
4
5

2
33
444
5555

Sol

:
For I = 1 To 5
For J = 1 To I
Print I;
Next J
Print
Next I

Home Assignment 3 Nested

Loops

1)

3)

Write programs to generate the

following patterns :
1 2) 1 2 3 4 5
12
1234
123
123
1234
12
12345
1
A
AB
ABC
ABCD

Home Assignment 4 Output

Related Questions
Specify

the output of the following output

related questions, assume that variables
are declared :
1) sum=0
2) sum = 0
For I = 1 To 4 p=2 : q=4
For J = 1 To 3
Do While p<=10
sum = sum + J If p Mod 2 = 0 Then
Next J sum = sum + p
Print Sum = ;sum End If
Next I
p=p+1
Loop
Print sum

Output related questions

3) R=5 : S=3 4) M=2 : N=4
Do Do Until M>12
Print R, S
N=N+M
R = R + 1 If M Mod 3 = 0 Then
If R = 7 Then
N=N-M
Exit Do Else
End If N = N + M
S = S + R End If
Loop While R <=10 M=M+1
Loop
Print M, N

Home Assignment - 5
Programming

Questions : Develop
programs for the followings :
To generate the mirror image of the
number entered by the user.
To generate the prime numbers
between 100 and 700.
To Check whether the number entered
by the user is a prime number or not.
To print first 30 multiples of the number
entered by the user.
To generate the factorial of the number
input by the user.

Home Assignment - 5
To

generate the Fibonacci series upto

first 15 terms i.e. 0 1 1 2 3 5
8..
To find the sum of all the numbers
divisible by 7 from 100 to 200.
To check whether the year entered by
the user is leap year or not.
To find and print the sum of digits of
the number entered by the user.
To find and print the product of digits
of the number accepted from the user.

Assessment Tools
Students

will be given Programming

problems, output and error finding
questions to test whether they
understood the various concepts
taught through this presentation.
Various parameters are used to
check the understanding of the
concept and its implementation in
Programming.
All the parameters mention in the
next slide have their own
importance, so all these parameters
needs to be checked by the Teacher
teaching Programming.