LP-1 (17 Feb 11)

Introduction
What is a Proj?
Why Project Mgmt?
Growth of Proj Mgmt
Code of Ethics for the Proj Mgmt Profession
Proj Management in Pakistan
PMP Certification
Proj Glossary (PMBOK + Prince2)
Assignment -1

Introduction

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Course Code:
Prerequisite:
Credit Hours:
Contact Hours:
Semester:

MGT 610
QTM 530
Three (3)
48 or 3/wk
4th

 Teaching Methodology:
discussions

Interactive,

slides

and

Minimum Prsences: As per BU Policy, a minimum of

80% presence is essential to appear in the examination.
Course Pack: The Course Pack is available at my office
for consultation by the students. It contains following
documents:

Access to the Faculty Member / Teacher: The

students are encouraged to discuss the subjects /
lessons with me at mutual convenience outside the
conventional hours. The approach must remain positive.

COURSE SYNOPSIS
Projects are becoming major tool for implementing and
achieving strategic goals not only in IT related sectors
but also in a range of industries. This course explores
contemporary issues in the theory and practice of project
management. It aims to provide students with an
opportunity to find, understand, organize and critically
evaluate, and integrate research-based and practitionerbased knowledge associated with managing projects. By
the end of the course students must be able understand
all the different dimensions of projects and localize the
relevant methods, approaches and tools in order to
adapt them to the specific situation of the project.

OBJECTIVES / LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of this course, the students are expected
to have acquired:
A realistic understanding of project management in all its
manifestations
Basic knowledge of project management in Pakistan
Sufficient knowledge regarding role of project management in
enhancing organizational efficiency
Reasonable know how regarding project organization, risk
management and working under uncertainty
Elementary knowledge regarding selection criteria, optimal
utilization of resources, evaluation of project, controlling and
auditing of the project(s)
Working knowledge of MS project.
Adequate awareness of techniques and tools integral to project
management.

PRESCRIBED BOOK

Title of the book: Project Management --A Managerial Approach (6th Ed)
Authors:
Jack R Meredith &
Samuel J. Mantel, Jr
Available at: MR OLD BOOKS -- Shop
No. 4-5, Block 5/C, F-6,
Super Market, Islamabad
and BU Library

Quizzes and Assignments etc

At least 5 quizzes and 5 assignments including one
presentation (Group). The latter would be selected
through mutual consultation. The topics may include
projects related to products and services having been
undertaken recently or in progress in and around
Islamabad.
The general guidelines for Assignments / Research
Papers / Projects etc are:
Submit on time repeat submit on time.
Utilize all the sources books, journals, e journals, , magazines and
books to make your research paper authentic, impressive and
worthy of submission.
The paper should reflect your personality.
Make it a habit to visit library at least once a week.
Make use of Internet as much as possible to download useful
information.
Always quote reference when you have borrowed literary material
from somewhere. Otherwise it would be termed as plagiarism.

METHOD OF EXAMINATION
The Mid Term and Final Term examinations are of 1-1/2
and 2 hours duration respectively. They can be Open
Book, Open Ended, and / or Take Home Examination.
However, based on experience it has been deduced that
Open Ended is the best and most suitable form of
examination. It benefits a large majority of students.
However, the subject remains open and consensus
would be taken prior deciding on a mode of examination.
The paper invariably would include MCQs., Fill-in-the
blanks, True / False and few subjective questions.

AWARD OF MARKS / EVALUATION CRITERIA

The purpose of conducting examination is not to

determine what you do not know but to find out
how much you know. The distribution and award
of marks would be as under:
Mid Term Exam
25%
End Term Exam
40%
Quizz s
15%
Assignements etc 20%
Total
100%

Cdre Shahid Nawaz SI(M)

Assist. Professor
0345-5139748
Email: [email protected]

Schedule and Topics

to be covered

WHAT IS A PROJECT?
A project is a problem scheduled for
solution.

J M Juran

Problem - The gap b/w where you are &

where u want to be, with an obstacle that
prevents easy movement to close the gap.

Life Is A Project---!

Projects in Stone Ages

Construction of Alexandria Light House --Constructed in 3rd BC over a period of about twelve
years and at an enormous cost including slave labor
Ajanta Caves (India)
--- The first Buddhist cave
monuments at Ajanta (Maharashtra) built during 1st
and 2nd B.C.
Pyramids --- 138 pyramids, most built as tombs for
the Pharaohs
Taj Mahal --- constructed between 1631-1653 (22
years) employing 22,000 laborers and 1,000
elephants.
Shalimar Garden --- Built in 16th Century by
Shahjehan the greatest patron of Architecture.
Mosques and Forts Great projects

What is a Proj

A temporary endeavor undertaken in

an organized manner to produce a
unique Service or Product.

Proj Statement

A declaratory group of words that define a

Proj.
It comprises:

AIM / objective / purpose

COST
DURATION and the
CLIENT (end user).

TYPES OF PROJECTS

In order to accomplish the Plan and Programme certain projects are

run in short term in order to support the large project essentially part
of the Programme and Plan originally conceived and executed by
the government.

Pilot Proj A Proj undertaken to evaluate the overall feasibility of a

programme

Research Proj
problem

Investment Proj
A project run to determine the financial
feasibility and economic acceptability of a programme

Tech Coop Proj

expertise.

Institution Building Proj

of Labs / Universities etc

It seeks to find information to help resolve a

A Proj run to obviate the shortage of technical

Projects pertaining to the construction

SOURCES OF PROJ
Based on the demands and needs of the
national, regional, sectoral and / or a certain
community Federal,

Prov, Distt

Govts /

Ministries / Departments and Outside Agencies

(IMF / World Bank / ADB/ IDB/ UNESCO etc)
generate plans through PSDP, ADPs, ESRs etc

CLASSIFICATION OF Infrastructural related

PROJECT TYPES
Classified as Social Sector & infrastructure.
Transportation Highways, mass transit, airports
Utilities
Electric power, gas, telephones
Education
Schools, colleges, HEC Funded
Public Safety
Police, fire, National guard
Recreation
Parks, playgrounds, historic sites
Development
Harbors, dams, irrigation,
Research
Health, space, agriculture
Defense
Military equipment and systems
Conservation
Forests, shorelines, pollution

Business related Projects &

STRATEGIC PLANNING
Proj Mgmt ---

Utilized as a mean of achieving Org

Strategic Plan

A Market Demand

(Oil company authorizes

building of an oil refinery to meet acute shortage of
Kerosene oil)

Customer

Request

(Power

Company

authorizes new power plant)

Technological Demand (New video game)

Legal Requirement (Toxic Waste Disposal Center)

PROJECT PHASES
D e fin e t h e p r o b le m a n d d e liv e r a b le s
P la n t h e p r o je c t
E x e c u t e t h e p la n
M o n it o r a n d c o n t r o l p r o g r e s s
I m p le m e n t / C lo s e p r o je c t

THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT

The Organization

Government

Suppliers

Organization Goals
Top Management

Boss

Project Manager
project Staff

Colleagues
Managers Controlling
Internal Resources

External Users

Internal Users

Sub Contractors

Proj Planned & implemented in a Social, Economic &

Environmental Context.

Project Environment
1. Cultural & Social Environment
How project affects people & how they in turn affect the
project. It requires understanding of economic, demographic,
ethical, ethnic, and social / religious issues etc)
2. International & Political Environment
knowledge of applicable international, national, regional or
local laws & customs. Other factors like Time Zone difference,
national holidays, means of travel & logistic requirements etc
3. Physical Environment. Knowledge
Local ecology & physical geography could affect project or be
affected by the Proj.

SUB PROJECTS

Frequently divided into more manageable

components or Sub Proj although individual / sub
Proj can be referred to as Projects & managed as
such.

Sub contracted or out sourced.

According to HR needs Plumbing in Construction

Based on Project Process - One Phase - Architect

Based on Specialized Technology Automated Testing

of computer program

RELATIONSHIP OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES

Cost = f (P,S,T)
Where P is Performance , S is Scope & T is
Time
As P & S increase, Cost generally increases
but not linearly

Projects generally Fail

Estimates are erroneous
Time, Talent & Resources - insufficient or
incorrectly applied
Less than ordinary proj mgmt
Proj Manager role and functions
Financial Resources (planning and
availabilities)
Technological Difficulties
Lack of political support
Absence of Organizational support

Performance / Scope / Quality /

Specifications

Target
Product / Service

Cost

Time / Duration /
Schedule

Proj Objectives
OR
Triple Constraints

MANAGING TRIPLE CONSTRAINTS

Client
Agreement

IMPACT OF SCOPE CHANGE ON THE PROJECT

Meeting stakeholders needs & expectations involves balancing

competing demands among Scope, Time, Cost, & Quality.
Project Management concerns getting job done on time, within
budget and as per specifications

WHY PROJ MGMT

Your Projects Cannot Afford to Fail

Source: Chaos Chronicles 2003,

The Standish Group

66% of all IT projects

fail, come in over budget
or run past the original
deadline
Every year, $55 billion is
wasted on failed IT
projects in the U.S.
Business Impacts:
Reduced profitability
Inability to fund new
projects
Poor
customer
satisfaction

PROJ MGMT
Strong Points
The basic purpose of Proj Mgmt is to
accomplish specific goals and objectives. The
Proj form of the organization allows the PM to
be responsive to:

Client and the environment

Identify and correct the problems in their
infancy
Make timely decisions about trade-offs and
conflicting project goals
Ensure that no sub optimization takes place

PROJ MGMT

Limitations
Inability to surmount risk and uncertainty
Human Factor
Time Factor
Resource Constraints

ORGANIZATION USE PROJECT MANAGEMENT?

Improve results / outputs

Value addition
Decrease costs
Improve customer service
Save on time

EXAMPLES OF PROJECT MGMT

Developing a new product or service
Running a political campaign
Constructing a Power plant in Northern area
Designing a compensation system / package
Negotiating a collective agreement
Setting up an e-commerce internet site
Reorganization of business areas involving
redesign of business processes, collapsing
of roles and the introduction of new
technology.

HILLTOP VIEW OF PROJ MGMT

PROJECT
STAKE-HOLDERS

PROJECT STAKE-HOLDERS
Individuals & Org - actively involved in
projects whose interests may be affected as
a result of project execution or completion
or failure.
May also exert influence over the Proj
Objective and Outcome.
Positive & Negative Stakeholders

PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS (S/H)

Project Mgr --- Responsible for the success of the project
Customer/end user --- the one who uses Proj products
Performing Organization --- whose employees are
involved
Project Mgmt Team --- Performing different tasks of a
project
Project team members -directly involved with the project
Sponsor--- Individual or org financing the project
(cash/Kind)
PMO--- Exists in performing Org.
Internal & External --- Investor, seller or contractor, Govt
Agencies, Media, and Society at Large.

RELEVANT STAKE-HOLDERS
OWNERS & SPONSORS

SUPPLIERS

CUSTOMERS
THE PROJECT

SOCIETY

REGULATORS
EMPLOYEES

What are the Major Roles on a Project?

Project
Manager
individual with
the authority and
responsibility for
delivering the
project quality
product, on time
and within
budget.

Team Members
Staff who use
their skills to
Team Members
contribute
to the
projects success.

Functional Manager Person

responsible for activities and
resources in a specialized department
or function.

Project participants

Sponsor The
internal
Organizational
owner of the
project.
Responsible for
establishing the
projects priority
within the
Organization.
Has overall
responsibility for
its success.

Stakeholders Parties involved

in or being affected by the project
activities.

Changing Trends in Proj Mgmt

Introduction of consensual / participatory / management
or MBO instead of hierarchical / traditional methods
Systems Approach / System Engineering to deal with
org-al / tech-al problems
Every activity being done as a Project
Career Path ----

BEGINNING OF MODERN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

U S Navy's Polaris Program

NASA's Apollo Programmes
Space Shuttle
SDI (Star Wars)
Reason and Requirement:
Specially
developed
extraordinary
and
complex projects needed equally extraordinary
and complex management approaches to
achieve successes in a given time frame.

PROJ MGMT IN PAKISTAN

Proj Mgmt in Pakistan

Role of Planning Commission
Plans, Programmes and Projects
Types of Plans, Pgms and Proj
Idea generation and selection How and why
Projects Proposal, Formulation, Appraisal, and
Approval
Sanctioning / Approving Authorities
Implementation of Projects --- Use of computers

PROJ MGMT- WAY FORWARD

Feasibility studies / Pilot Proj

Formulation
Appraisal
Approval
Implementation
Evaluation
Termination

FEASIBILITY STUDIES / PILOT PROJECTS

Once the idea has been accepted and brainstormed at
different levels of the government, a feasibility or prefeasibility study (A formal survey to determine worthiness of the
proposed project) is ordered depending upon the size of the
Plan or Programme to be undertaken. The Feasibility
Studies report back the following:
The size and nature of the demand
Available alternatives with costs
Availability of needed manpower
Costs estimates
Financial outlay with benefits
Major constraints (Technological / social / administrative)

PROJ FORMULATION
Based on the feasibility study, the Proj
formulation takes place by filling up PC-1. Here
are certain kinks which need to be taken into
account.
The PC-1 is normally filled up very ambitiously
by the person / org who was not involved with
the Proj or the feasibility study.
Devoid of requisite data and keenness to
undertake / initiate the Proj usually lays the first
brick of possible failure.
Lack of data places immense burden on the Proj
Manager to unearth relevant data and endeavor
to prove to his bosses of the correctness of the
Proj.

PROJ APPRAISAL
It is a complex job done by professionals.
The appraisal includes among others:
Modifications to original ideas to make them look
attractive to foreign donors
Evaluate / assess administrative, managerial and
technical capability of the Org.
Scrutiny of Proj costs (Capital, Operational,
Maintenance, Recurring, Establishment expenditures,
etc)
Schedule of Work
Financial phasing incl FE Funding
Review of the Proj for reasons of Objectives, Costs,
and Time

PROJECT APPROVAL
The most lethargic and at times most
speedier action consists of admin
Approval and Financial Approval. Most of
the good Projects never see the day light
due absence of financial approval.
At times Projects are started on the wrong
premise, i.e., finances would become
available in due course.

IMPLEMENTATION
The Projects are implemented by a
specially selected team designated as Proj
Team that works under the guidance of
Proj Mgr.

PROJECT EVALUATION

A specially designated team chosen and

authorized by the higher organization
usually inspects and evaluates the Proj as
per Proj Appraisal criteria.
This may happen on completion or during
different stages of the Proj.

PROBLEMS LINKED WITH DEVELOPMENT PROJ

Focus is invariably narrow

Alternatives are usually ignored
Peoples needs are generally ignored
Manpower is ill trained
Proj Design and Management is inflexible
Benefits are not transferred to the target
population
Monitoring lacks due diligence

TASKS FOR PROJ PLANNERS

Senior Mgmt to select corporate initiative and status
Should ensure correctness of data
Develop and ensure monitoring capability
Should not be guided by foreign or domestic donors
(Financiers of the Proj)
Knowledge of local requirements (religious and social)
should be given preference at all times over own whims
and fancies
Remain in harmony with organizational goals, aims and
objectives (Vision and Mission)

CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROJ MANAGEMENT

PROFESSIONALS / PROJ MANAGERS
page 142

CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROJ MANAGEMENT

PROFESSIONALS / PROJ MANAGERS

Responsibility: Aspirational Standards

As practitioners in the global project
management community:
2.2.1 We make decisions and take actions
based on the best interests of society,
public safety, and the environment.
2.2.2 We accept only those assignments
that are consistent with our background,
experience, skills, and qualifications.

 Responsibility: Mandatory Standards

As practitioners in the global project
management community, we require the
following of ourselves and our fellow
practitioners:
Regulations and Legal Requirements
2.3.1 We inform ourselves and uphold the
policies, rules, regulations and laws that govern
our work, professional, and volunteer activities.
2.3.2 We report unethical or illegal conduct to
appropriate management and, if necessary, to
those affected by the conduct.

 3.2 Respect: Aspirational Standards

As practitioners in the
management community:

global

project

3.2.1 We inform ourselves about the norms and

customs of others and avoid engaging in
behaviors they might consider disrespectful.
3.2.2 We listen to others points of view, seeking
to understand them.
3.2.3 We approach directly those persons with
whom we have a conflict or disagreement.
3.2.4 We conduct ourselves in a professional
manner, even when it is not reciprocated.

Respect: Mandatory Standards

As practitioners in the global project
management community, we require the
following of ourselves and our fellow
practitioners:
3.3.1 We negotiate in good faith.
3.3.2 We do not exercise the power of our
expertise or position to influence the decisions or
actions of others in order to benefit personally at
their expense.
3.3.3 We do not act in an abusive manner
toward others.
3.3.4 We respect the property rights of others.

PMP CERTIFICATION

PMP CERTIFICATION
Project Management Institute (PMI) was established in
1969 with six members.
It is the most respected, and recognized management
standards institute in the world.
Today PMIs membership surpasses 200,000 in over 150
countries.
The main goal of PMI is to provide standards to the
project management world.
One of their significant accomplishments has been
creating and publishing the project management
standard document PMBOK

PMI ACHIEVEMENTS
1984 ---

PMI introduced the PMP Certification

exam.
1991 --The PMBOK received American
National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Certification.
1999 ---- PMI received the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001
recognition for PMP certification.
PMI Fact File

Total Members
Total PMPs

236,871
223,877

WHAT IS PMBOK

Project Management Body of Knowledge

(PMBOK), is perhaps the most important and
significant contribution of PMI to the Project
Management profession.
PMBOK is a globally recognized standards
framework for managing and executing projects.
PMI continues to enhance and update the
PMBOK to ensure maintaining the most up-to
date standards for managing projects in the
global arena.
The PMP exam is based on the information
contained in this book.

PMBOK PROCESSES AND KNOWLEDGE

AREAS

Initiating Process Recognizing

that a project or phase should
begin and committing to do so
Planning Process Devising and
maintaining a workable scheme to
accomplish the business need that
the project was undertaken to
address
Executing Process Coordinating
people and other resources to
carry out the plan
Monitoring and Controlling
Process Ensuring that project
objectives are met be monitoring
and measuring progress and
taking corrective action when
necessary
Closing Process Formalizing
acceptance of the project or phase
and bringing it to an orderly end

Project integration management

Project Scope Management
Project Time Management
Project Cost Management
Project Quality Management
Project Human Resource
Management
Project Communication
Management
Project Risk Management
Project Procurement
Management

PMP CERTIFICATION
PMIs PMP Certification exam is the
worlds most recognized professional
credential for individuals working in the
field of project management.
PMP certification serves not only the IT
industry but also other industries such as:
Automotive
Aerospace
Construction
Telecommunications

WHY PMP CERTIFICATION

According to the Standish Group, only 29% of all
projects are successful in terms of achieving cost,
schedule and quality objectives.
However, a success rate of 75% is achieved by
employing modern project management standards, tools
and techniques.
The PMBOK provides these standards, tools and
techniques.
The PMP certification is based on PMBOK.
Hiring PMP certified project managers provide
organizations with significantly greater success on their
projects. More and more project management
organizations are moving towards hiring ONLY certified
PMPs.

PATH TO PMP GLORY

Step 1
Education Qualification
Start
Here

Under Graduate (BA/BS/BE)

And above
High School Diploma /
Associate Degree or global
equivalent

Step 3
PM Contact Hours/PM
Education
35 Hours of Project
Management Education

Step 6
Schedule Exam
Schedule Exam from
Prometric site www.2test.com
to take the PMP exam.

Step 2
Project Management Experience
Minimum 3 years/36 months unique
4500
non overlapping project management
experience
Hours
Minimum 5 years/60 months unique
7500
non overlapping project management
Project
experience
Hours
experience

Step 4
PMI Online Form
Submit the qualification
information to PMI online
Application at
https://pmi.org/certapp

Project

Step 5
Prepare for the Exam
Study the PMBOK , revise the
material given in the course
,view PMP Video and give
four hours simulation Test

PROJ GLOSSARY
PMBOK (extracts from the text book)
Prince2
Available in course pack

HOW TO START NEW PROJECTS

Taking Responsibility: Before you agree to take on the
responsibility of managing a project, make sure there is
adequate sponsorship, and that you have adequate
funding and resources to complete it on time.
Clarifying the Scope: Review the scope of the project to
ensure that all of the deliverables to be produced during
the project are adequately defined.
Sit down with your customer and clarify all of the deliverables on
day one.
The Deadline: You need to agree the deadline with your
customer, and it must be feasible to achieve.
Rather than agreeing on a fixed date, instead try and agree on a
fixed timeframe for delivery.
Set an "ideal delivery date" and a "last delivery date".
Make the ideal delivery date achievable.

HOW TO START NEW PROJECTS contd

Setting Priorities
ask your customer to prioritize the list of deliverables
from highest to lowest so that you can align these
priorities with the tasks in your plan.

Understand the Drivers

Ask your customer what's driving the deadlines? Find
out why can't the scope be reduced further? Also find
out why the deliverables have been prioritized as they
have.
Document these conversations with your customer
and get them approved.

Assignment -1
Write a summary of directed reading

Lessons for an accidental

profession
and answer questions given at the end.

Pages 27-37

THANK YOU