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    Colonization of Africa

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    Love Bordamonte
    The document discusses the colonization of Africa by European powers in the 19th century. It begins by defining colonialism, colonies, and imperialism. In the early 19th century, Europeans aggressively tried to establish colonies in Africa. Reasons for European colonialism included finding new markets and resources after abolishing the slave trade. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 led by Otto von Bismarck divided up Africa among the European powers without African representation. Colonial rule had both positive and negative impacts, including infrastructure development but also arbitrary borders and cultural disruption. Specific countries discussed include South Africa, with the Dutch and British colonizing and tensions rising between the Boers and British, culminating in the Boer War.

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    Colonization of Africa

    Uploaded by

    Love Bordamonte
    1K views45 pages
    The document discusses the colonization of Africa by European powers in the 19th century. It begins by defining colonialism, colonies, and imperialism. In the early 19th century, Europeans aggressively tried to establish colonies in Africa. Reasons for European colonialism included finding new markets and resources after abolishing the slave trade. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 led by Otto von Bismarck divided up Africa among the European powers without African representation. Colonial rule had both positive and negative impacts, including infrastructure development but also arbitrary borders and cultural disruption. Specific countries discussed include South Africa, with the Dutch and British colonizing and tensions rising between the Boers and British, culminating in the Boer War.

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    Colonization of Africa

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    The document discusses the colonization of Africa by European powers in the 19th century. It begins by defining colonialism, colonies, and imperialism. In the early 19th century, Europeans aggressively tried to establish colonies in Africa. Reasons for European colonialism included finding new markets and resources after abolishing the slave trade. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 led by Otto von Bismarck divided up Africa among the European powers without African representation. Colonial rule had both positive and negative impacts, including infrastructure development but also arbitrary borders and cultural disruption. Specific countries discussed include South Africa, with the Dutch and British colonizing and tensions rising between the Boers and British, culminating in the Boer War.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views45 pages

    Colonization of Africa

    Uploaded by

    Love Bordamonte
    The document discusses the colonization of Africa by European powers in the 19th century. It begins by defining colonialism, colonies, and imperialism. In the early 19th century, Europeans aggressively tried to establish colonies in Africa. Reasons for European colonialism included finding new markets and resources after abolishing the slave trade. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 led by Otto von Bismarck divided up Africa among the European powers without African representation. Colonial rule had both positive and negative impacts, including infrastructure development but also arbitrary borders and cultural disruption. Specific countries discussed include South Africa, with the Dutch and British colonizing and tensions rising between the Boers and British, culminating in the Boer War.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 45

    Colonization of

    Africa

    19th Century

    Colonialism
    Colonialism is forced control of one nation by another nation.
    Colony is when a nation establishes a government under its rule in
    a foreign territory.
    Imperialism is empire building by taking over other countries
    governments trade, and culture.
    Beginning in the early 19th Century, Europeans
    aggressively tried to establish colonies in Africa.
    European civilization experienced a period of
    unprecedented rapid expansion around the globe
    during the last third of the nineteenth century.

    Reasons for Colonialism


    Despite Europeans involvement in the
    Slave Trade Europeans usually relied on
    Africans to trade slaves instead of
    colonizing the continent.
    By the 1880s every major nation in the
    world had abolished the institution of
    slavery.
    Europeans found a new interest in Africa.
    Africa is a continent of vast wealth.

    Positive European
    Reasons for Colonialism
    1. Colonies provided Europe with strategic
    military and economic advantages.
    2. Open up new trading markets for European
    goods.
    3. Europe received minerals and other natural
    resources (diamonds, gold, cotton, ivory,
    and rubber) which fed the Industrial
    Revolution
    4. Spread Christianity throughout the
    continent.
    5. Europeans had access to cheap labor

    When most European nations ended


    1800s
    slavery
    in the early______, they shifted their
    focus to trading goods such asrubber
    gold, ivory,
    and____________.
    Soon after, theimperialism
    European powers divided up
    most of Africa. They used ______________to
    keep power. This is a policy of taking over
    other countries governments trade, and
    culture.

    Negative European
    Reasons for Colonialism
    European powers had to fight against
    rebellions.
    Colonial rule in many places,
    especially the Congo, was morally
    nauseating (sickening).

    The Berlin Conference


    In 1884 at the request
    of Portugal, German
    chancellor Otto von
    Bismark called together
    the major western
    powers of the world to
    negotiate questions and
    end confusion over the
    control of Africa.
    Bismark appreciated
    the opportunity to
    expand Germany's
    sphere of influence over
    Africa and desired to
    force Germany's rivals
    to struggle with one
    another for territory.
    At the time of the

    Berlin Conference (1884)


    Berlin Conference in 1884 led by Otto Von Bismarck,
    German Chancellor
    Series of Meetings in Berlin, Germany, held by European
    nations, Africas rulers not in attendance.
    Met to discuss how to divide Africas land.
    20% of the Europeans already controlled.
    By the end of Colonialism most of Africa was under its
    control.

    The Berlin Conference


    "The Berlin Conference
    was Africa's undoing in
    more ways than one.
    The colonial countries
    superimposed or forced
    their powers on the
    African continent. By
    the time independence
    returned to Africa in
    1950, Africa had
    developed a condition
    or custom of political
    division that could not
    be eliminated or made
    to work properly as a

    What type of Political boundaries


    existed before the Berlin Conference in
    1885?

    Political Boundaries after Berlin


    Conference.

    Impact of Colonial Period/ Partitioning


    of Africa
    Negative Effects for Africa
    African tribes lost control of their own countries.
    Land was confiscated for farms for the European colonies.

    Wars, revolts, and protests were common.


    Starvation and disease became widespread.
    NEW BORDERS were drawn that separated families and tribes.
    Conflicts broke out between tribes that were once friendly.

    Impact of Colonial Period/ Partitioning


    of Africa
    Positive Effects for Africa
    Schools and hospitals built.
    Economy was improved by new
    governments.
    Roads and railroads were built.
    Health was improved (Health systems, etc)
    Berlin Conference set a specific date for the
    end of the slave trade.
    New technology elevated the standard of
    living.

    Colonization of
    Africa

    Effects on Individual Countries

    South Africa
    Mid-1600s, the Dutch established a small
    colony at the Cape of Good Hope
    (southernmost tip of Africa).
    to serve as a trading post for ships on their
    way to Asia.
    The Cape grew into a large colony, Dutch
    government began awarding Dutch settlers
    territories occupied by the native Africans.
    In 1795 the Dutch Monarch invited Great
    Britain to take over South Africa.

    The Struggle for South Africa

    South Africa
    Exacerbated tensions between British colonists
    and Afrikaners (white colonists of Dutch
    descent).
    The British and Afrikaners, however, oppressed
    the black Africans.
    Gold and Diamonds discovered in South Africa,
    led to violent conflicts between both groups.
    From 1899 1902 they fought one another in
    the Boer War.
    Both groups used black Africans.
    Many blacks and Afrikaners died in British
    concentration camps and suffered due to
    Britain's scorched earth warfare.

    The Great Trek, 1836-38

    Afrikaners

    Diamond Mines

    Raw Diamonds

    Boer-British Tensions Increase


    1877 Britain annexed the Transvaal.
    1883 Boers fought British in the
    Transvaal and regained its
    independence.
    - Paul Kruger becomes President.
    1880s Gold discovered in the
    Transvaal

    Boer War
    Scorched earth tactics caused
    devastation and starvation among
    much of the black population as well.
    Britain's brutal tactics still remain a
    source of resentment between
    Afrikaners and English-speaking
    whites in South Africa.

    Boer War

    The Boer War:

    The Boers

    1899 - 1900

    The British

    The British implementing the scorched earth policy - Boer war


    The British found themselves at a disadvantage, due to the size of the territory, lack of
    familiarity with the terrain and the mobility and skills of the "Boers". In an effort to bring
    the war to an end, the British responded with a scorched-earth policy. This included
    burning down the farms and homes of the "Boers", and putting their women and children
    in concentration camps. Some 26,000 "Boer" women and children and 14,000 black and
    colored people were to die in appalling conditions.

    European Powers involved in


    Colonization
    Belgium
    a)King Leopold II claimed much of the
    African Congo.
    b)African Congo became best known
    for their rubber plantations and ivory.
    East Africa

    The _______controlled
    British
    much of East Africa.
    Large numbers of Europeans settled in
    Kenya. But most colonial rulers used
    African deputies to control the countries.
    Many deputies were traditional chiefs.
    They often favored their own peoples.
    This caused conflict between ethnic
    groups.

    These conflicts have


    made it hard for
    governments
    to influence feelings of
    national identity. Most
    East African countries
    gainedEindependence
    in
    thiopia
    the early
    1960s.________, however,
    was never colonized.
    Independence did not
    solve all the problems of
    the former colonies. New
    challenges

    HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA

    European countries
    claimed colonies in
    West Africa in the late
    1800s and kept control
    World War II
    until after___________.
    They built schools,
    roads, and railroads,
    but many Africans gave
    up farming and worked
    for low wages. All the
    countries in West Africa
    became independent
    by 1974.

    HISTORY OF NORTH AFRICA

    In the 1800sEuropean
    _________
    countries began
    invading
    North Africa. By 1912
    Spain and France
    controlled
    Morocco, France also
    controlled Tunisia and
    Algeria, Italy controlled
    Libya, and the British
    controlled Egypt.

    HISTORY OF NORTH AFRICA

    The countries
    gradually
    gained
    independence
    in the mid1900s.Algeria
    _______ was
    the last
    country to win
    independence
    in 1962.
    Today
    the countries
    of North Africa
    are trying to
    build stronger
    ties to other

    Name the
    European
    colonial
    France powers.

    Some of the
    Central
    African
    countries
    became rich
    Britian
    from trading
    with the
    Belgium
    Europeans.
    Spain
    But they
    Germany
    were all
    weakened in
    Portugal
    time Why?

    The people of Central


    Africa speak hundreds of
    different languages.
    They also speak regional
    Dialects
    varieties of the
    same
    language or ____________.
    The reason for the for
    the great variety is that
    each ethnic group
    speaks its own native
    languae or dialect
    Bantuof one
    such as _________.
    However each country
    has an offical language
    as well.

    Religion in Central
    Africa draws heavily
    from its colonial
    history. Many of the
    countries that were
    once part of the
    former French,
    Spanish, and
    Portuguese colonies
    are Roman Catholic
    while Protestant
    Christians can be
    found in former

    Dutch Landing in 1652

    Shaka Zulu

    (1785 1828)

    Boers Clash With the Xhosa


    Tribes

    Boer Farmer

    The Great Trek, 1836-38

    Afrikaners

    Diamond Mines

    Raw Diamonds

    The Struggle for South Africa

    Cecil Rhodes

    (1853-1902)

    The Colossus of Rhodes

    Uncle Sam: The Colossus


    of the Pacific (A Parody)

    Paul Kruger

    (1825-1904)

    Boer-British Tensions Increase


    1877 Britain annexed the Transvaal.
    1883 Boers fought British in the
    Transvaal and regained its
    independence.
    - Paul Kruger becomes President.
    1880s Gold discovered in the
    Transvaal

    The Boer War:

    The Boers

    1899 - 1900

    The British

    A Future British Prime Minister

    British Boer War Correspondent,


    Winston Churchill

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