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Review of Lectures (September 1-September 5)

The document summarizes different types of motion including linear, circular, projectile, and rotational motion. It provides examples of trajectories and key characteristics for each type. It also discusses scalars versus vectors in kinematics, describing position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration as vectors while distance, speed, and time are scalars. Finally, it shows examples of using motion diagrams and graphs to represent projectile motion and analyze variables like velocity and acceleration over time.

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James Jones
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25 views

Review of Lectures (September 1-September 5)

The document summarizes different types of motion including linear, circular, projectile, and rotational motion. It provides examples of trajectories and key characteristics for each type. It also discusses scalars versus vectors in kinematics, describing position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration as vectors while distance, speed, and time are scalars. Finally, it shows examples of using motion diagrams and graphs to represent projectile motion and analyze variables like velocity and acceleration over time.

Uploaded by

James Jones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Review of Lectures (September 1September 5)

Review
Types of motion:
Linear motion (Translational motion in a straight Line)
Circular motion (Translational motion along a circular path)
Projectile motion (Translational motion along a parabolic path)
Rotational motion (Motion of a rigid body about some fixed rotation
axis)

Linear Motion
Trajectories : The path of any point in the object is a straight line

1-d
motion

2-d motion: straight line motion


can always be represented as 1-d
motion through a coordinate
system rotation

Circular Motion
Trajectories: The path of the object is a circle
Axis of rotation at the center of the circle
The distance between the object and the axis of rotation is constant
(R)
UCM - Uniform Circular Motion
The object experiences an acceleration which is
toward the axis of rotation. This is known as radial
or centripetal acceleration

NUCM Non Uniform Circular Motion


The object experiences an acceleration as above,
but
in addition experiences an acceleration
tangential to the path

Projectile Motion
Trajectories: The path of a point particle is a parabola. The center of
mass of a real extended object undergoing projectile motion will
trace out a parabola
1
2
9
6
3

1
2

Rigid Body/Rotational Motion

Pure rotations: Object spins around an axis of rotation, but the axis
of rotation does not move (each point in the body traces out a
circular path as the object rotates, regardless of the shape of the
object as long as the body is rigid)

Rotations and Translations: Object spins around an axis of


rotation, and the rotation axis also translates

Scalars uniquely specified by one


number

Examples of Scalars:
(SI units)
Temperature
Pressure
Energy
base
Distance
Speed

Kelvin; 0 K = -273
50 Pascals ( )

40 Joules (
But also can be written in terms of
fundamental SI units as

10

Vectors: not uniquely specified by a


single number

For our purposes vectors will be specified by arrows


that have magnitude (length of the vector), and direction
(orientation in space)

Vectors and Scalars in


Kinematics
Scalars

Vectors

Distance (d or sometimes s)

Position

Speed
Speed
vector)
vector)

(v,
(v, the
the magnitude
magnitude of
of the
the velocity
velocity Displacement
Velocity
Acceleration

Position Vectors
We used projectile motion trajectories to illustrate position vectors.
1
2
9

6
3

1
2
The magnitude of the vector is given by its length, and the
length can be found from the Pythagorean theorem.

Vector Addition

Vectors
can be added graphically by arranging vectors tail-to-tip. The resulting
sum is another vector. You should verify for yourself that order does not matter. The
resulting vector has the same magnitude and direction if you arrange the vectors
such that the tail of is placed at the tip of

Vector Addition

= +
= +
=

Vector differences are found the same way as vector sums. Once again order
does not matter. You should verify that remains the same if you place the tail of
at the tip of

Motion Diagrams
Projectile motion can be represented by using motion
diagrams. In figure (a) a reference frame has been added to
the motion diagram of the tossed basketball. In figure (b),
the motion diagram includes position and displacement
vectors.

The motion diagram below shows the pace of a student walking to school. Information in a
motion diagram can be used to construct a motion graph. The motion graph of position
versus time can be used to construct the motion graph of velocity versus time.

(m/s)
10
0
60
20

A car is traveling along a road. Its velocity is


recorded as a function of time and is shown in
the graph to the right.

During which intervals is the car accelerating? Choose


all the answers that apply.
a.between 0 and 3 seconds
b.for a brief instant at 3,8,13 and 17 seconds
c.between 3 and 8 seconds
d.between 8 and 13 seconds
e.between 13 and 17 seconds
f.between 17 and 20 seconds

A car is traveling along a road. Its velocity is


recorded as a function of time and is shown in
the graph to the right. Which graph below best
describes the cars position versus time.

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