Bill of Rights

1987 CONSTITUTION
Bill
of
Rights
Section 1. No person shall

be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process
of law, nor shall any person
be denied the equal
protection of the laws.
Section 2. The right of the people

to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against
unreasonable searches and
seizures of whatever nature and for
any purpose shall be inviolable,
and no search warrant or warrant
of arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined
personally by the judge after
examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and
the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to
be searched and the persons or
things to be seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of

communication and correspondence
shall be inviolable except upon lawful
order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise as
prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation

of this or the preceding section shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in
any proceeding.
Section 4. No law
shall be passed
abridging the
freedom of speech,
of expression, or of
the press, or the
right of the people
peaceably to
assemble and
petition the
government for
Section 5. No law shall be made

respecting an establishment of
religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof. The free exercise
and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without
discrimination or preference,
shall forever be allowed.
No religious test shall be required

for the exercise of civil or political
rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and

of changing the same within the
limits prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of
the court. Neither shall the right to
travel be impaired except in the
interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the

people to information on
matters of public concern shall
be recognized. Access to official
records, and to documents and
papers pertaining to official
acts, transactions, or decisions,
as well as to government
research data used as basis for
policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to
such limitations as may be
provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the

people, including those
employed in the public and
private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for
purposes not contrary to law
shall not be abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not

be taken for public use without just
compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the

obligation of contracts shall be
passed.
Section 12. (1) Any person under

investigation for the commission of an
offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent
and to have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his
own choice. If the person cannot afford
the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot
be waived except in writing and in the
presence of counsel.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat,

intimidation, or any other means
which violate the free will shall be
used against him. Secret detention
places, solitary, incommunicado, or
other similar forms of detention are
prohibited.
(3) Any confession or admission

obtained in violation of this or
Section 17 hereof shall be
inadmissible in evidence against him.
(4) The law shall provide for penal
and civil sanctions for violations of
this section as well as compensation
to the rehabilitation of victims of
torture or similar practices, and their
families.
Section 13. All persons, except

those charged with offenses
punishable by reclusion perpetua
when evidence of guilt is strong,
shall, before conviction, be bailable
by sufficient sureties, or be released
on recognizance as may be provided
by law. The right to bail shall not be
impaired even when the privilege of
the writ of habeas corpus is
suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to

answer for a criminal offense without due
process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
be presumed innocent until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by
himself and counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation against
him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public
trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to
have compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the production of
evidence in his behalf.

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1987 CONSTITUTION

Section 1. No person shall

Section 2. The right of the people

Section 3. (1) The privacy of

(2) Any evidence obtained in violation

Section 5. No law shall be made

No religious test shall be required

Section 6. The liberty of abode and

Section 7. The right of the

Section 8. The right of the

Section 9. Private property shall not

Section 10. No law impairing the

Section 12. (1) Any person under

(2) No torture, force, violence, threat,

(3) Any confession or admission

Section 13. All persons, except

Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to

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