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    Matrix Acidising

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    xion_mew2
    This document provides an overview of acidizing operations used to remove formation damage and stimulate production from oil and gas wells. It discusses the two main types of rock formations that acidizing is used on, carbonates and sandstones, and the two main types of acidizing treatments - matrix acidizing directly into the reservoir rock and fracturing treatments. It also outlines the various acid types used, factors to consider in treatment design such as identifying the cause and location of formation damage, and equipment used such as coiled tubing units and high pressure pumps. The goal is to teach students how to design effective acidizing treatments to improve well productivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Matrix Acidising

    Uploaded by

    xion_mew2
    311 views38 pages
    This document provides an overview of acidizing operations used to remove formation damage and stimulate production from oil and gas wells. It discusses the two main types of rock formations that acidizing is used on, carbonates and sandstones, and the two main types of acidizing treatments - matrix acidizing directly into the reservoir rock and fracturing treatments. It also outlines the various acid types used, factors to consider in treatment design such as identifying the cause and location of formation damage, and equipment used such as coiled tubing units and high pressure pumps. The goal is to teach students how to design effective acidizing treatments to improve well productivity.

    Original Description:

    Introduction to matrix acidizing

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    This document provides an overview of acidizing operations used to remove formation damage and stimulate production from oil and gas wells. It discusses the two main types of rock formations that acidizing is used on, carbonates and sandstones, and the two main types of acidizing treatments - matrix acidizing directly into the reservoir rock and fracturing treatments. It also outlines the various acid types used, factors to consider in treatment design such as identifying the cause and location of formation damage, and equipment used such as coiled tubing units and high pressure pumps. The goal is to teach students how to design effective acidizing treatments to improve well productivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    311 views38 pages

    Matrix Acidising

    Uploaded by

    xion_mew2
    This document provides an overview of acidizing operations used to remove formation damage and stimulate production from oil and gas wells. It discusses the two main types of rock formations that acidizing is used on, carbonates and sandstones, and the two main types of acidizing treatments - matrix acidizing directly into the reservoir rock and fracturing treatments. It also outlines the various acid types used, factors to consider in treatment design such as identifying the cause and location of formation damage, and equipment used such as coiled tubing units and high pressure pumps. The goal is to teach students how to design effective acidizing treatments to improve well productivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 38
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that acidizing can be used to remove formation damage and stimulate production. There are different types of rocks, goals, treatments and acids that are used depending on the application.

    The two types of rock discussed for acidizing are carbonates (like limestone) and clastics (like sandstone). Carbonates often have low matrix permeability while clastics have porosity between particles.

    The two types of goals for acidizing treatments are damage removal to restore maximum productivity and stimulation to improve production beyond natural capability.

    MATRIX ACIDISING

    INTRODUCTION
    Overview of Acidising
    Sources of Formation damage

    LEARNING OUTCOMES
    At the end of this lecturer, students should be able to:
    Design acidising treatment
    Assess the degree of formation damage present in a
    formation

    ACIDISING
    Uses of Acid in the oilfield:
    Wellbore cleaning
    Formation damage removal
    Source, type, location, form of damage

    Formation stimulation
    Matrix
    Fracturing

    WHERE IN THE WELL?


    Treat in the wellbore above open formation

    Protect lower completion


    Prevent well flow
    Wash well across formation
    Clean screen
    Perforation wash
    Matrix treat
    Isolation (type of completion)
    Below Frac pressure
    Frac
    Above Frac Pressure
    Protect completion packer
    May need isolation

    Keep fluid out of Matrix


    Fluid will contact Matrix

    ACIDISING
    Two types of Rock
    Two types of Goal
    Two types of Treatment
    Two types of Matrix Acidizing
    Two types of Acid

    ACIDISING
    Two types of Rock:
    Carbonates (Limestone)
    Calcite, dolomite
    Porosity in matrix, vugs, fractures
    Matrix perm often low
    Clastics (Sandstone)
    Quartz and other alumino - silicates
    Porosity between particles
    Permeable matrix between particles

    ACIDISING
    Two types of Goal:
    Damage Removal
    Removal of material that is preventing
    maximum productivity

    Stimulation
    Improving production beyond natural
    capability

    ACIDISING
    Two types of Treatment:
    Matrix Acidizing
    Clastics for damage removal
    Carbonates for stimulation
    Fracturing
    Hydraulic Fracturing
    Acid Fracturing

    FLOW REGIMES
    Radial flow
    Natural fractures
    Hydraulic fractures

    Matrix Production

    Fracture Production

    MATRIX ACIDISING
    Two types of Matrix Acidizing:
    Dissolve mineral structure to
    build pathways to natural
    fractures or natural porosity
    Push acid through matrix
    framework, dissolving damage
    and restoring natural perm

    ACIDISING
    Two types of Acid:
    Acid that dissolves alumino-silicates
    Hydrofluoric Acid (HF)
    Acid that dissolves carbonate material
    Hydrochloric Acid (HCI), Organic Acids

    HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCL)


    Low cost and availability
    Strengths used 3-28%
    Excellent reaction rate with calcite - controllable
    Economical Corrosion inhibition possible up to 175 C
    Retains large quantities of dissolved species (salts) in
    solution after spending
    Most reaction products are water-soluble

    ORGANIC ACIDS
    Acetic
    Formic
    Citric
    Others
    Sulphamic

    Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)


    Used in both carbonates and sandstone
    Can be used in with HCl or formic
    Can be used alone instead of HCl
    Lower reactivity
    Lower corrosivity - less costly to inhibit
    High temperature applications
    Formic Acid (HCOOH)
    Mostly used with HCl or Acetic
    More expensive
    Primary application in hot wells
    Useful in slower reacting acid fracturing systems

    ACID CONCENTRATIONS

    HYDROFLUORIC ACID (HF)


    Always pumped as a mix of HF and other acid
    Normal concentrations HF 0.5% to 6.0%
    Can be inhibited to over 175 C
    Sandstone matrix acidizing - Removal of HCl insoluble fines
    One US gallon of 12:3 HCl:HF will dissolve 0.217 pounds of
    silica based material
    Caution must be taken with carbonates
    Insoluble Calcium Fluoride precipitates

    TREATING MATRIX DAMAGE WITH HF


    HF is very good at
    removing damage
    For safety reasons, usually
    mixed from Ammonium
    Bifluoride with HCL
    Called Mud Acid
    To reduce this damage
    the ratio of HCL to HF has
    been increased from 12:3
    to 10:1.5 even to 9:1
    with additional HCL
    (preflush / postflush)
    to keep the pH low

    But mud acid can also cause damage


    Precipitation from reactions with:
    Calcium Compounds
    Metallic Cations
    Iron Compounds
    Silicates (Clays and Feldspars)
    Risk of deconsolidation
    most reaction in few cms
    But increased % age of HCl has its
    own problems
    Corrosion
    Inhibitor
    Handling
    And there is reduced HF available

    ACIDISING ADDITIVES
    Nearly always necessary:
    Corrosion inhibitor
    Iron control agent
    Surfactant
    Others:
    Need should be demonstrated or justified

    CORROSION INHIBITORS
    Always necessary
    Can be damaging (oil-wetting) when used in excess
    Concentration depends on acid strength, type,
    temperature, metal type, job duration
    At higher temps, and for special steel, lab testing is
    recommended - for inhibitor / intensifier selection and
    loadings

    IRON CONTROL AGENTS


    Iron is very soluble in most oilfield acid
    Cannot be avoided
    Iron precipitate can be very damaging
    Chemical control within main treatment
    Iron sequestering agents & iron reducing agents
    Iron control is especially important in injection
    wells

    WATER-WETTING SURFACTANT
    Aids in clean-up of acid
    Leaves formation surfaces water-wet
    Different requirements for sandstones or carbonates
    Enhances flow-back of oil or gas
    Concentration must be limited (< ~1%)
    Excessive use can cause emulsion or foaming
    in production processing equipment

    IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR ACID


    Does damage exist ??
    How much ??
    Where ??
    What cause ??

    ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
    Identifying impaired production is not enough
    The production potential must be determined
    Even if damage exists, the treatment may not be
    economical if the production improvement
    potential is very small
    Cost of job vs payback
    Cost may depend on location, job duration, lost
    production
    Consider payback in short term, consider also
    cumulative value

    COMPONENTS OF SKIN
    st = sc+f + sp + sd
    sc+ f - partial completion
    fraction of the interval is perforated
    well is deviated
    sp - skin due to incomplete perforations
    damaged perforations
    insufficient shot density
    sd - skin due to damage

    EFFECT OF SKIN

    NODAL ANALYSIS

    SOURCES OF DAMAGE
    Sources of Formation Damage:
    Drilling
    Cementing
    Perforating
    Completion and Workover
    Gravel packing
    Production
    Stimulation
    Injection

    USING ACID
    Follow Safety Procedures
    Ensure Correct PPE is used
    Check the Paperwork
    MSDS
    Chemical Risk assessment
    COSHH
    Job Risk Assessment

    ACID PROCEDURES
    HOLD SAFETY MEETING
    Types of fluids and hazards of each
    Safety equipment to be worn
    Treatment Procedure
    Maximum Pressure
    Pumping Rate
    Schedule backside rate or
    monitoring procedures
    Review job assignments for each individual
    Obtain headcount of ALL personnel on location
    Designate Emergency Vehicle
    who will drive it
    DO NOT move injured person until injuries are known

    PRESSURES
    Surface Treating (pump) pressure
    Friction pressure (tubing, perforation)
    Hydrostatic pressure
    Bottom Hole pressure
    Formation (pore) pressure
    Fracture pressure

    TREATMENT DESIGN
    Determine the cause and type of formation damage
    Identify extent and location of damage
    Design the treatment to clean up that damage and to
    prevent additional damage
    The treatment must be able to be placed properly
    (Access, Diversion, Coil)
    Physical limitations of well equipment

    INJECTION PROFILE
    Depends on flow capacity kh
    and pressure differential dP
    Remember that acid will change the kh
    Can be controlled
    Mechanical Isolation (bridge plug, squeeze packer, straddle)
    Diverters (solids, wax, polymers, surfactants, foams)
    Placement (coiled tubing)

    PLACEMENT
    Placement depends on:
    Completion design
    Job requirements
    1) Completion Design
    Cased and Perforated - Good access - good isolation
    Open Hole - Good access - isolation variable
    Predrilled or Slotted Liner - poor annular isolation
    Standalone Screens - poor annular isolation
    Gravel Packed Screens - damage may be in GP, formation, both
    Production tubing / packers - limiting access
    2) Job requirements
    Total Coverage - inject into whole interval
    Volume, rate - Coil or Bullhead
    Other zones - oil or water zones - protect or avoid waste
    Cost - Bullhead vs Coil - job economics - volumes - control

    HIGH PRESSURE PUMP


    High pressure pumps
    Fed by centrifugal
    Controlled remotely
    Emergency shutdowns

    COILED TUBING UNIT (CTU)

    QUESTION ??

    THANK YOU

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