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MAIL SERVER
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Presented by : Firdaus Bin Abd Halim -DKM IT 2-2-
MAIL SERVER
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A message transfer agent or Mail transfer agent (MTA) or mail relay is
software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using a client-server application architecture. An MTA implements both the client (sending) and server (receiving) portions of the SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL. A mail server is a computer that serves as an electronic post office for email. Mail exchanged across networks is passed between mail servers that run specially designed software. . This software is built around agreed-upon, standardized protocols for handling mail messages and the graphics they might contain
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Electronic Mail: Overview
Three major components: user agents, mail servers, SMTP User Agent mail reader composing, editing, reading mail messages e.g., Eudora, Outlook, elm, Netscape Messenger Mail Servers mailbox contains incoming messages for user message queue of outgoing (to be sent) mail messages use SMTP protocol between mail servers to send email messages client: sending mail server server: receiving mail server Gmail?
user agent
outgoing message queue user mailbox
mail server
SMTP SMTP mail server
user agent
SMTP user agent
user agent
mail server
user agent user agent
SMTP uses TCP (Transmission Control Protocol )to reliably transfer email message from client to server, port 25 direct transfer: sending server to receiving server three phases of transfer handshaking (greeting) transfer of messages Closure command/response interaction commands: ASCII text response: status code and phrase messages must be in 7-bit ASCII
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Mail Services Three major mail services:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SMTP
Post Office Protocol
POP3
Internet Mail Access Protocol
IMAP or IMAP4
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What is SMTP?
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is the standard protocol for
sending emails across the Internet. SMTP uses TCP port 25 or 2525 Sometimes you may have problems sending messages ISP(Internet service provider) may have closed port 25 To determine the SMTP server for a given domain name MX (Mail eXchange) DNS record is use
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
e-mail transmissions across the Internet The protocol used today is also known as ESMTP Relatively simple text-based protocol
What is SMTP? Client-Server protocol The client transmits an email message to the server Either . MUA (Mail User Agent), - or a relaying server's MTA (Mail Transfer Agents) can act as an SMTP client.
Command/response interaction commands: ASCII text Messages must be in 7-bit ASCII
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What is SMTP?
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SMTP requires message (header & body) to be in 7-bit ASCII
SMTP server uses CRLF.CRLF to determine end of message
SMTP is a "push" protocol that does not allow one to "pull" messages from a remote server on demand
To do a pull (i.e. receive) a mail client must use POP3 or IMAP
What is SMTP?
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After establishing a connection between the sender (the client) and
the receiver (the server), the following page shows a legal SMTP session. In the following conversation, everything sent by the client is prefaced with C: and everything sent by the server S:On most computer systems, a connection can be established using the telnet command on the client machine, for example: telnet www.example.com 25
HELO mydomain.com 250 Hello mydomain.com MAIL FROM:<[email protected]> 250 Ok RCPT TO:<[email protected]> 250 Ok DATA 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Subject: test message From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Hello, This is a test. Goodbye. . 250 Ok: queued as 12345 QUIT 221 Bye
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Which one to use?
Outbound Mail
SMTP for outbound email
Port 25 or 2525
Inbound Mail
POP3 for inbound email
Port 110
IMAP for inbound email
Port 143
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Pop3 and IMAP4
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POP Overview
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Local e-mail clients use the Post Office Protocol version 3 POP3 Retrieves e-mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection Many subscribers to individual Internet service provider e-mail accounts access their e-mail with client software that uses POP3. POP3 has made earlier versions of the protocol obsolete POP (informally called POP1 and POP2) POP almost always means POP3 in the context of e-mail protocols
POP Overview
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The design of POP3 and its procedures supports end-users with
intermittent connections (such as dial-up connections) Allows users to retrieve e-mail when connected View and manipulate the retrieved messages without needing to stay connected
Although most clients have an option to leave mail on server, e-mail
clients using POP3 generally:
Connect Retrieve all messages Store them on the user's PC as new messages Delete them from the server Disconnect.
POP Overview
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The fundamental difference between POP3 and IMAP4:
POP3 offers access to a mail drop Mail exists on the server until it is collected by the client If the client leaves some or all messages on the server
In contrast, IMAP4 offers access to the mail store
The client may store local copies of the messages These are considered to be a temporary cache Whether using POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages:
E-mail clients are commonly categorized as either POP or IMAP clients,
but in both cases the clients also use SMTP POP3 that allow some clients to transmit outbound mail via POP3
POP Overview
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In contrast, the newer, more capable Internet Message Access
Protocol (IMAP) supports both connected and disconnected modes of operation. E-mail clients using IMAP generally leave messages on the server until the user explicitly deletes them.
This and other fact of IMAP operation allow multiple clients to
access the same mailbox
Most e-mail clients support either POP3 or IMAP to
retrieve messages Few Internet Service Providers (ISPs) support IMAP
IMAP
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Internet Message Access Protocol
Commonly known as IMAP or IMAP4
An application layer Internet protocol
Operates on port 143 Allows a local client to access e-mail on a remote server
Previously called Internet Mail Access Protocol, Interactive Mail Access
Protocol (RFC 1064), and Interim Mail Access Protocol) Current version is IMAP version 4 revision 1 IMAP4 and POP3 are the two most prevalent Internet standard protocols for e-mail retrieval
Allows interoperability with other servers and clients
IMAP
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Support for the Internet standard protocols
Allows other e-mail clients to access these servers Allows the clients to be used with other servers E.g. Qualcomm's Eudora or Mozilla Thunderbird
IMAP is often used in large networks
For example, a college campus mail system.
IMAP allows users to access new messages
The mail is stored on the network
With POP3, users either
download the e-mail to their computer
access it via the web. take longer than IMAP must either download any new mail or "refresh" the page to see the new messages.
Difference between POP3 and IMAP
POP3 works by reviewing the inbox on
the mail server, and downloading the new messages to your computer. IMAP downloads the headers of the new messages on the server, then retrieves the message you want to read when you click on it.
When using POP3, your mail is stored
on your PC. When using IMAP, the mail is stored on the mail server. Unless you copy a message to a "Local Folder" the messages are never copied to your PC.
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POP3 - Post Office Protocol
IMAP - Internet Messaging Access Protocol
You can use only
one computer to check your email
You can use
multiple computers to check your email
Your mails are
stored on the computer that you use
Your mails are
stored on the server
Outgoing email is Outgoing email is
stored locally on filtered to a mailbox your PC on the serve
Advantages And Disadvantages Of E-mail?
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Advantages:
Disadvantages:
- Quick delivery and reply of messages
- Less social contact with people
(social skills won't be as well developed) - Less hand-writing practice - Can be bad for your eyes if you spend too long sending e-mails on your computer - Messages may be misinterpreted easily - Abbreviated language may become common practice for some people - Can provide an easy way to spread viruses to computers - Can be easy to make a "typo" and say the wrong thing, or send the email to the wrong person - Access to a computer and the internet is necessary, and this may not be convenient for all people
- Convenient - Can contact a group of people at once - No limit on how short or how long the message should be (it would seem ridiculous to send a one line letter to someone in the post, but on email this is acceptable) - Can attach large documents and other files with a click of a button (and without using up resources like paper) - Doesn't use any paper (good for the environment)
