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Image Processing

This document discusses image processing and related topics. It begins with an introduction to acquiring images and discusses limitations of electronics and bandwidth. It then covers several aspects of image processing including color imaging, color spaces, image types, image transformations, image analysis techniques like histograms and compression. It discusses applying image processing to fields like medical imaging, remote sensing, and enhancing display quality. It concludes with mentioning some common image processing software tools.

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Shameer Phy
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121 views24 pages

Image Processing

This document discusses image processing and related topics. It begins with an introduction to acquiring images and discusses limitations of electronics and bandwidth. It then covers several aspects of image processing including color imaging, color spaces, image types, image transformations, image analysis techniques like histograms and compression. It discusses applying image processing to fields like medical imaging, remote sensing, and enhancing display quality. It concludes with mentioning some common image processing software tools.

Uploaded by

Shameer Phy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMAGE PROCCESSING

Presented & performed by

SRAVYA.P
NANDINI.K
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SYNOPSIS
• INTRODUCTION
• ACQUIRING IMAGES
– HUMAN RELIANCE ON IMAGES FOR
INFORMATION
– ELECTRONICS AND BANDWIDTH
LIMITATIONS
– HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGING
– COLOR IMAGING
– COLOR SPACES
– COLOR DISPLAYS
– IMAGE TYPES
• ITS TIME FOR DEMO
• CONCLUSION
• BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Image processing involves processing or
altering an existing image in a desired
manner.

The next step is obtaining an image in a


readable format.

The Internet and other sources provide


countless images in standard formats.
CONTD…

Image processing are of two aspects..

improving the visual appearance of


images to a human viewer

preparing images for measurement of the


features and structures present.
WHY DO WE NEED IMAGE PROCESSING?…

Since the digital image is “invisible” it must be


prepared for viewing on one or more output device
(laser printer, monitor, etc)

The digital image can be optimized for the application


by enhancing or altering the appearance of structures
within it (based on: body part, diagnostic task, viewing
preferences, etc)

It might be possible to analyze the image in the


computer and provide cues to the radiologists to help
detect important/suspicious structures

e.g.: Computed Aided Diagnosis, CAD


ACQUIRING IMAGE…
Scientific instruments commonly produce
images to communicate results to the operator,
rather than generating an audible tone or
emitting a smell.

Space missions to other planets and Comet


Halley always include cameras as major
components, and we judge the success of those
missions by the quality of the images returned.
TYPES OF IMAGE PROCESSING

Image-to-image transformations

Image-to-information transformations

Information-to-image transformations
IMAGE-TO-IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS
Enhancement (make image more useful, pleasing)

Restoration
Egg. deblurring ,grid line removal

Geometry
(scaling, sizing , Zooming, Morphing one object
to another).
IMAGE-TO-INFORMATION TRANSFORMATIONS

Image statistics (histograms)


Histogram is the fundamental tool for
analysis and image processing

Image compression

Image analysis (image segmentation, feature


extraction, pattern recognition)

computer-aided detection and diagnosis (CAD)


INFORMATION-TO-IMAGE TRANSFORMATIONS

Decompression of compressed image data.

Reconstruction of image slices from CT or MRI raw data.

Computer graphics, animations and virtual reality (synthetic


objects).
HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGING

The process of obtaining an high resolution


(HR) image or a sequence of HR images
from a set of low resolution (LR)
observations.

HR techniques are being applied to a variety


of fields, such as obtaining

improved still images


high definition television,
high performance color liquid crystal display
(LCD) screens,
video surveillance,
remote sensing, and
medical imaging.
COLOR SPACES

Conversion from RGB (the brightness of the individual


red, green, and blue signals at defined wavelengths)
to YIQ/YUV and to the other color encoding schemes
is straightforward and loses no information.

Y, the “luminance” signal, is just the brightness of a


panchromatic monochrome image that would be
displayed by a black-and-white television receiver
COLOR DISPLAYS

 Most computers use color monitors that have


much higher resolution than a television set but
operate on essentially the same principle.

 Smaller phosphor dots, a higher frequency scan,


and a single progressive scan (rather than
interlace) produce much greater sharpness and
color purity.
IMAGE SENSORS

Digital processing requires images to be obtained


in the form of electrical signals. These signals can
be digitized into sequences of numbers which then
can be processed by a computer. There are many
ways to convert images into digital numbers. Here,
we will focus on video technology, as it is the most
common and affordable approach.
MULTIPLE IMAGES

 Multiple images may constitute a series of


views of the same area, using different
wavelengths of light or other signals.

 Examples include the images produced by


satellites, such as
– the various visible and infrared wavelengths
recorded by the Landsat Thematic
Mapper(TM), and
– images from the Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) in which as many as a
dozen different elements may be represented
by their X-ray intensities.

 These images may each require processing.


HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

A general-purpose computer to be useful for


image processing, four key demands must be
met: high-resolution image display, sufficient
memory transfer bandwidth, sufficient storage
space, and sufficient
computing power.
A 32-bit computer can address
up to 4GB of memory(RAM).
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Adobe Photoshop
Corel Draw
Serif Photoplus
CONCLUSION
In electrical engineering and computer science, image
processing is any form of signal processing for which the
input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video;
the output of image processing can be either an image or a
set of characteristics or parameters related to the image.
Most image-processing techniques involve treating the
image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard
signal-processing techniques to it.
Thank You very
much…..
Create
Apply
Apply Knowledge
Knowledge
Knowledge
Seminar -
Knowledge
Sharing
Assimilate
Assimilate And Structure
Structure
Knowledge
Knowledge Acquiring Knowledge
Knowledge
Environment

Disseminate
Disseminate
Knowledge
Knowledge
“Things that think…
don’t make sense unless they
link.”

Thank You
BIBLIOGRAPHY

John C. Ross. Image Processing Hand book, CRC Press. 1994.


[2] Peter Mc Curry, Fearghal Morgan, Liam Kilmartin. Xilinx
FPGA
implementation of a pixel processor for object detection
applications. In the
Proc. Irish Signals and Systems Conference, Volume 3,
Page(s):346 – 349,
Oct. 2001.
[3] M. Moore. A DSP-based real time image processing system. In
the
Proceedings of the 6th International conference on signal
processing
applications and technology, Boston MA, August 1995.

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